In this chapter, I. Orders are given for the setting up of the
tabernacle and the fixing of all the appurtenances of it in their proper places
(v. 1-8), and the consecrating of it (v. 9-11), and of the priests (v. 12-15).
II. Care is taken to do all this, and as it was appointed to be done (v. 16-33).
III. God takes possession of it by the cloud (v. 34, etc.).
The materials and furniture of the tabernacle had been viewed
severally and approved, and now they must be put together. 1. God here directs
Moses to set up the tabernacle and the utensils of it in their places. Though
the work of the tabernacle was finished, and every thing ready for rearing, and
the people, no doubt, were very desirous to see it up, yet Moses will not erect
it till he has express orders for doing so. It is good to see God going before
us in every step, Ps. 37:23. The time for doing this is fixed to the first
day of the first month (v. 2), which wanted but fourteen days of a year
since they came out of Egypt; and a good year's work there was done in it.
Probably the work was made ready but just at the end of the year, so that the
appointing of this day gave no delay, or next to none, to this good work. We
must not put off any necessary duty under pretence of waiting for some
remarkable day; the present season is the most convenient. But the tabernacle
happening to be set up on the first day of the first month intimates that
it is good to begin the year with some good work. Let him that is the first have
the first; and let the things of his kingdom be first sought. In Hezekiah's
time we find they began to sanctify the temple on the first day of the first
month, 2 Chr. 29:17. The new moon (which by their computation was the first
day of every month) was observed by them with some solemnity; and therefore this
first new moon of the year was thus made remarkable. Note, When a new year
begins, we should think of serving God more and better than we did the year
before. Moses is particularly ordered to set up the tabernacle itself first, in
which God would dwell and would be served (v. 2), then to put the ark in its
place, and draw the veil before it (v. 3), then to fix the table, and the
candlestick, and the altar of incense, without the veil (v. 4, 5), and to fix
the hanging of the door before the door. Then in the court he must place the
altar of burnt offering, and the laver (v. 6, 7); and, lastly, he must set up
the curtains of the court, and a hanging for a court-gate. And all this would be
easily done in one day, many hands no doubt being employed in it under the
direction of Moses. 2. He directs Moses, when he had set up the tabernacle and
all the furniture of it, to consecrate it and them, by anointing them with the
oil which was prepared for the purpose, ch. 30:25, etc. It was there ordered
that this should be done; here it was ordered that it should be done now, v. 9-11.
Observe, Every thing was sanctified when it was put in its proper place, and not
till then, for till then it was not fit for the use to which it was to be
sanctified. As every thing is beautiful in its season, so is every thing in its
place. 3. He directs him to consecrate Aaron and his sons. When the goods were
brought into God's house, they were marked first, and then servants were hired
to bear the vessels of the Lord; and those must be clean who were put into that
office, v. 12-15. The law which was now ordered to be put in execution we had
before, ch. 29. Thus in the visible church, which is God's tabernacle among
men, it is requisite that there be ministers to keep the charge of the
sanctuary, and that they receive the anointing.
When the tabernacle and the furniture of it were prepared, they
did not put off the rearing of it till they came to Canaan, though they now
hoped to be there very shortly; but, in obedience to the will of God, they set
it up in the midst of their camp, while they were in the wilderness. Those that
are unsettled in the world must not think that this will excuse them in their
continued irreligion; as if it were enough to begin to serve God when they begin
to be settled in the world. No; a tabernacle for God is a very needful and
profitable companion even in a wilderness, especially considering that our
carcases may fall in that wilderness, and we may be fixed in another world
before we come to fix in this.
The rearing of the tabernacle was a good day's work; the
consecrating of it, and of the priests, was attended to some days after. Here we
have an account only of that new-year's-day's work. 1. Moses not only did
all that God directed him to do, but in the order that God appointed; for God
will be sought in the due order. 2. To each particular there is added an express
reference to the divine appointment, which Moses governed himself by as
carefully and conscientiously as the workmen did; and therefore, as before, so
here it is repeated, as the Lord commanded Moses, seven times in less
than fourteen verses. Moses himself, as great a man as he was, would not pretend
to vary from the institution, neither to add to it nor diminish from it, in the
least punctilio. Those that command others must remember that their Master also
is in heaven, and they must do as they are commanded. 3. That which was to be
veiled be veiled (v. 21), and that which was to be used he used immediately, for
the instruction of the priests, that by seeing him do the several offices they
might learn to do them the more dexterously. Though Moses was not properly a
priest, yet he is numbered among the priests (Ps. 99:6), and the Jewish writers
call him the priest of the priests; what he did he did by special warrant
and direction from God, rather as a prophet, or law-giver, than as a priest. He
set the wheels a going, and then left the work in the hands of the appointed
ministry. (1.) When he had placed the table, he set the show-bread in order upon
it (v. 23); for God will never have his table unfurnished. (2.) As soon as he
had fixed the candlestick, he lighted the lamps before the Lord, v. 25.
Even that dark dispensation would not admit of unlighted candles. (3.) The
golden altar being put in its place, immediately he burnt sweet incense
thereon (v. 27); for God's altar must be a smoking altar. (4.) The altar
of the burnt-offering was no sooner set up in the court of the tabernacle than
he had a burnt-offering, and a meat-offering, ready to offer upon it, v.
29. Some think, though this is mentioned here, it was not done till some time
after; but it seems to me that he immediately began the ceremony of its
consecration, though it was not completed for seven days. (5.) At the laver
likewise, when he had fixed that, Moses himself washed his hands and feet. Thus,
in all these instances, he not only showed the priests how to do their duty, but
has taught us that God's gifts are intended for use, and not barely for show.
Though the altars, and table, and candlestick, were fresh and new, he did not
say it was a pity to sully them; no, he handselled them immediately. Talents
were given to be occupied, not to be buried.
As when, in the creation, God had finished this earth, which he
designed for man's habitation, he made man, and put him in possession of it,
so when Moses had finished the tabernacle, which was designed for God's
dwelling-place among men, God came and took possession of it. The shechinah,
the divine eternal Word, though not yet made flesh, yet, as a prelude to that
event, came and dwelt among them, Jn. 1:14. This was henceforward the place
of his throne, and the place of the soles of his feet (Eze. 43:7);
here he resided, here he ruled. By the visible tokens of God's coming among
them to take possession of the tabernacle he testified both the return of his
favour to them, which they had forfeited by the golden calf (ch. 33:7), and his
gracious acceptance of all the expense they had been at, and all the care and
pains they had taken about the tabernacle. Thus God owned them, showed himself
well pleased with what they had done, and abundantly rewarded them. Note, God
will dwell with those that prepare him a habitation. The broken and contrite
heart, the clean and holy heart, that is furnished for his service, and devoted
to his honour, shall be his rest for ever; here will Christ dwell by
faith, Eph. 3:17. Where God has a throne and an altar in the soul, there is a
living temple. And God will be sure to own and crown the operations of his own
grace and the observance of his own appointments.
As God had manifested himself upon mount Sinai, so he did now in
this newly-erected tabernacle. We read (ch. 24:16) that the glory of the Lord
abode upon mount Sinai, which is said to be like devouring fire (v.
17), and that the cloud covered it on the outside, and the glory of
the Lord filled it within, to which, probably there is an allusion in Zec.
2:5, where God promises to be a wall of fire round about Jerusalem (and
the pillar of cloud was by night a pillar of fire) and the glory in the midst
of her.
I. The cloud covered the tent. That same cloud which, as
the chariot or pavilion of the shechinah, had come up before them out of
Egypt and led them hither, now settled upon the tabernacle and hovered over it,
even in the hottest and clearest day; for it was none of those clouds which the
sun scatters. This cloud was intended to be, 1. A token of God's presence
constantly visible day and night (v. 38) to all Israel, even to those that lay
in the remotest corners of the camp, that they might never again make a question
of it, Is the Lord among us, or is he not? That very cloud which had
already been so pregnant with wonders in the Red Sea, and on mount Sinai,
sufficient to prove God in it of a truth, was continually in sight of all the
house of Israel throughout all their journeys; so that they were inexcusable
if they believed not their own eyes. 2. A concealment of the tabernacle, and the
glory of God in it. God did indeed dwell among them, but he dwelt in a cloud: Verily
thou art a God that hidest, thyself. Blessed be God for the gospel of
Christ, in which we all with open face behold as in a glass, not in a
cloud, the glory of the Lord. 3. A protection of the tabernacle. They had
sheltered it with one covering upon another, but, after all, the cloud that
covered it was its best guard. Those that dwell in the house of the Lord are
hidden there, and are safe under the divine protection, Ps. 27:4, 5. Yet this,
which was then a peculiar favour to the tabernacle, is promised to every
dwelling-place of mount Zion (Isa. 4:5); for upon all the glory shall be a
defence. 4. A guide to the camp of Israel in their march through the
wilderness, v. 36, 37. While the cloud continued on the tabernacle, they rested;
when it removed, they removed and followed it, as being purely under divine
direction. This is spoken of more fully, Num. 9:19; Ps. 78:14; 105:39. As before
the tabernacle was set up the Israelites had the cloud for their guide, which
appeared sometimes in one place and sometimes in another, but henceforward
rested on the tabernacle and was to be found there only, so the church had
divine revelation for its guide from the first, before the scriptures were
written, but since the making up of that canon it rests in that as its
tabernacle, and there only it is to be found, as in the creation the light which
was made the first day, centered in the sun the fourth day. Blessed be God for
the law and the testimony!
II. The glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle, v. 34,
35. The shechinah now made an awful and pompous entry into the
tabernacle, through the outer part of which it passed into the most holy place,
as the presence-chamber, and there seated itself between the cherubim. It was in
light and fire, and (for aught we know) no otherwise, that the shechinah
made itself visible; for God is light; our God is a consuming fire. With
these the tabernacle was now filled, yet, as before the bush was not consumed,
so now the curtains were not so much as singed by this fire; for to those that
have received the anointing the terrible majesty of God is not destroying. Yet
so dazzling was the light, and so dreadful was the fire, that Moses was not
able to enter into the tent of the congregation, at the door of which he
attended, till the splendour had a little abated, and the glory of the Lord
retired within the veil, v. 35. This shows how terrible the glory and majesty of
God are, and how unable the greatest and best of men are to stand before him.
The divine light and fire, let forth in their full strength, will overpower the
strongest heads and the purest hearts. But what Moses could not do, in that he
was weak through the flesh, has been done by our Lord Jesus, whom God caused
to draw near and approach, and who, as the forerunner, has for us entered,
and has invited us to come boldly even to the mercy-seat. He was able to enter
into the holy place not made with hands (Heb. 9:24); nay, he is himself the true
tabernacle, filled with the glory of God (Jn. 1:14), even with the divine grace
and truth prefigured by this fire and light. In him the shechinah took up its
rest for ever, for in him dwells all the fulness of the godhead bodily.
Blessed be God for Jesus Christ!
Exodus 40 Bible Commentary
Matthew Henry Bible Commentary (complete)
In this chapter, I. Orders are given for the setting up of the tabernacle and the fixing of all the appurtenances of it in their proper places (v. 1-8), and the consecrating of it (v. 9-11), and of the priests (v. 12-15). II. Care is taken to do all this, and as it was appointed to be done (v. 16-33). III. God takes possession of it by the cloud (v. 34, etc.).
Verses 1-15
The materials and furniture of the tabernacle had been viewed severally and approved, and now they must be put together. 1. God here directs Moses to set up the tabernacle and the utensils of it in their places. Though the work of the tabernacle was finished, and every thing ready for rearing, and the people, no doubt, were very desirous to see it up, yet Moses will not erect it till he has express orders for doing so. It is good to see God going before us in every step, Ps. 37:23. The time for doing this is fixed to the first day of the first month (v. 2), which wanted but fourteen days of a year since they came out of Egypt; and a good year's work there was done in it. Probably the work was made ready but just at the end of the year, so that the appointing of this day gave no delay, or next to none, to this good work. We must not put off any necessary duty under pretence of waiting for some remarkable day; the present season is the most convenient. But the tabernacle happening to be set up on the first day of the first month intimates that it is good to begin the year with some good work. Let him that is the first have the first; and let the things of his kingdom be first sought. In Hezekiah's time we find they began to sanctify the temple on the first day of the first month, 2 Chr. 29:17. The new moon (which by their computation was the first day of every month) was observed by them with some solemnity; and therefore this first new moon of the year was thus made remarkable. Note, When a new year begins, we should think of serving God more and better than we did the year before. Moses is particularly ordered to set up the tabernacle itself first, in which God would dwell and would be served (v. 2), then to put the ark in its place, and draw the veil before it (v. 3), then to fix the table, and the candlestick, and the altar of incense, without the veil (v. 4, 5), and to fix the hanging of the door before the door. Then in the court he must place the altar of burnt offering, and the laver (v. 6, 7); and, lastly, he must set up the curtains of the court, and a hanging for a court-gate. And all this would be easily done in one day, many hands no doubt being employed in it under the direction of Moses. 2. He directs Moses, when he had set up the tabernacle and all the furniture of it, to consecrate it and them, by anointing them with the oil which was prepared for the purpose, ch. 30:25, etc. It was there ordered that this should be done; here it was ordered that it should be done now, v. 9-11. Observe, Every thing was sanctified when it was put in its proper place, and not till then, for till then it was not fit for the use to which it was to be sanctified. As every thing is beautiful in its season, so is every thing in its place. 3. He directs him to consecrate Aaron and his sons. When the goods were brought into God's house, they were marked first, and then servants were hired to bear the vessels of the Lord; and those must be clean who were put into that office, v. 12-15. The law which was now ordered to be put in execution we had before, ch. 29. Thus in the visible church, which is God's tabernacle among men, it is requisite that there be ministers to keep the charge of the sanctuary, and that they receive the anointing.
Verses 16-33
When the tabernacle and the furniture of it were prepared, they did not put off the rearing of it till they came to Canaan, though they now hoped to be there very shortly; but, in obedience to the will of God, they set it up in the midst of their camp, while they were in the wilderness. Those that are unsettled in the world must not think that this will excuse them in their continued irreligion; as if it were enough to begin to serve God when they begin to be settled in the world. No; a tabernacle for God is a very needful and profitable companion even in a wilderness, especially considering that our carcases may fall in that wilderness, and we may be fixed in another world before we come to fix in this.
The rearing of the tabernacle was a good day's work; the consecrating of it, and of the priests, was attended to some days after. Here we have an account only of that new-year's-day's work. 1. Moses not only did all that God directed him to do, but in the order that God appointed; for God will be sought in the due order. 2. To each particular there is added an express reference to the divine appointment, which Moses governed himself by as carefully and conscientiously as the workmen did; and therefore, as before, so here it is repeated, as the Lord commanded Moses, seven times in less than fourteen verses. Moses himself, as great a man as he was, would not pretend to vary from the institution, neither to add to it nor diminish from it, in the least punctilio. Those that command others must remember that their Master also is in heaven, and they must do as they are commanded. 3. That which was to be veiled be veiled (v. 21), and that which was to be used he used immediately, for the instruction of the priests, that by seeing him do the several offices they might learn to do them the more dexterously. Though Moses was not properly a priest, yet he is numbered among the priests (Ps. 99:6), and the Jewish writers call him the priest of the priests; what he did he did by special warrant and direction from God, rather as a prophet, or law-giver, than as a priest. He set the wheels a going, and then left the work in the hands of the appointed ministry. (1.) When he had placed the table, he set the show-bread in order upon it (v. 23); for God will never have his table unfurnished. (2.) As soon as he had fixed the candlestick, he lighted the lamps before the Lord, v. 25. Even that dark dispensation would not admit of unlighted candles. (3.) The golden altar being put in its place, immediately he burnt sweet incense thereon (v. 27); for God's altar must be a smoking altar. (4.) The altar of the burnt-offering was no sooner set up in the court of the tabernacle than he had a burnt-offering, and a meat-offering, ready to offer upon it, v. 29. Some think, though this is mentioned here, it was not done till some time after; but it seems to me that he immediately began the ceremony of its consecration, though it was not completed for seven days. (5.) At the laver likewise, when he had fixed that, Moses himself washed his hands and feet. Thus, in all these instances, he not only showed the priests how to do their duty, but has taught us that God's gifts are intended for use, and not barely for show. Though the altars, and table, and candlestick, were fresh and new, he did not say it was a pity to sully them; no, he handselled them immediately. Talents were given to be occupied, not to be buried.
Verses 34-38
As when, in the creation, God had finished this earth, which he designed for man's habitation, he made man, and put him in possession of it, so when Moses had finished the tabernacle, which was designed for God's dwelling-place among men, God came and took possession of it. The shechinah, the divine eternal Word, though not yet made flesh, yet, as a prelude to that event, came and dwelt among them, Jn. 1:14. This was henceforward the place of his throne, and the place of the soles of his feet (Eze. 43:7); here he resided, here he ruled. By the visible tokens of God's coming among them to take possession of the tabernacle he testified both the return of his favour to them, which they had forfeited by the golden calf (ch. 33:7), and his gracious acceptance of all the expense they had been at, and all the care and pains they had taken about the tabernacle. Thus God owned them, showed himself well pleased with what they had done, and abundantly rewarded them. Note, God will dwell with those that prepare him a habitation. The broken and contrite heart, the clean and holy heart, that is furnished for his service, and devoted to his honour, shall be his rest for ever; here will Christ dwell by faith, Eph. 3:17. Where God has a throne and an altar in the soul, there is a living temple. And God will be sure to own and crown the operations of his own grace and the observance of his own appointments.
As God had manifested himself upon mount Sinai, so he did now in this newly-erected tabernacle. We read (ch. 24:16) that the glory of the Lord abode upon mount Sinai, which is said to be like devouring fire (v. 17), and that the cloud covered it on the outside, and the glory of the Lord filled it within, to which, probably there is an allusion in Zec. 2:5, where God promises to be a wall of fire round about Jerusalem (and the pillar of cloud was by night a pillar of fire) and the glory in the midst of her.
I. The cloud covered the tent. That same cloud which, as the chariot or pavilion of the shechinah, had come up before them out of Egypt and led them hither, now settled upon the tabernacle and hovered over it, even in the hottest and clearest day; for it was none of those clouds which the sun scatters. This cloud was intended to be, 1. A token of God's presence constantly visible day and night (v. 38) to all Israel, even to those that lay in the remotest corners of the camp, that they might never again make a question of it, Is the Lord among us, or is he not? That very cloud which had already been so pregnant with wonders in the Red Sea, and on mount Sinai, sufficient to prove God in it of a truth, was continually in sight of all the house of Israel throughout all their journeys; so that they were inexcusable if they believed not their own eyes. 2. A concealment of the tabernacle, and the glory of God in it. God did indeed dwell among them, but he dwelt in a cloud: Verily thou art a God that hidest, thyself. Blessed be God for the gospel of Christ, in which we all with open face behold as in a glass, not in a cloud, the glory of the Lord. 3. A protection of the tabernacle. They had sheltered it with one covering upon another, but, after all, the cloud that covered it was its best guard. Those that dwell in the house of the Lord are hidden there, and are safe under the divine protection, Ps. 27:4, 5. Yet this, which was then a peculiar favour to the tabernacle, is promised to every dwelling-place of mount Zion (Isa. 4:5); for upon all the glory shall be a defence. 4. A guide to the camp of Israel in their march through the wilderness, v. 36, 37. While the cloud continued on the tabernacle, they rested; when it removed, they removed and followed it, as being purely under divine direction. This is spoken of more fully, Num. 9:19; Ps. 78:14; 105:39. As before the tabernacle was set up the Israelites had the cloud for their guide, which appeared sometimes in one place and sometimes in another, but henceforward rested on the tabernacle and was to be found there only, so the church had divine revelation for its guide from the first, before the scriptures were written, but since the making up of that canon it rests in that as its tabernacle, and there only it is to be found, as in the creation the light which was made the first day, centered in the sun the fourth day. Blessed be God for the law and the testimony!
II. The glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle, v. 34, 35. The shechinah now made an awful and pompous entry into the tabernacle, through the outer part of which it passed into the most holy place, as the presence-chamber, and there seated itself between the cherubim. It was in light and fire, and (for aught we know) no otherwise, that the shechinah made itself visible; for God is light; our God is a consuming fire. With these the tabernacle was now filled, yet, as before the bush was not consumed, so now the curtains were not so much as singed by this fire; for to those that have received the anointing the terrible majesty of God is not destroying. Yet so dazzling was the light, and so dreadful was the fire, that Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, at the door of which he attended, till the splendour had a little abated, and the glory of the Lord retired within the veil, v. 35. This shows how terrible the glory and majesty of God are, and how unable the greatest and best of men are to stand before him. The divine light and fire, let forth in their full strength, will overpower the strongest heads and the purest hearts. But what Moses could not do, in that he was weak through the flesh, has been done by our Lord Jesus, whom God caused to draw near and approach, and who, as the forerunner, has for us entered, and has invited us to come boldly even to the mercy-seat. He was able to enter into the holy place not made with hands (Heb. 9:24); nay, he is himself the true tabernacle, filled with the glory of God (Jn. 1:14), even with the divine grace and truth prefigured by this fire and light. In him the shechinah took up its rest for ever, for in him dwells all the fulness of the godhead bodily. Blessed be God for Jesus Christ!