The following commentary covers Chapters 12 through 24.
The
extent of the country and portion of each to be known
Chapter 12 is only a
summary of their conquests. The Holy Ghost not only gives
us the victory over our enemies, but makes us understand
and know the whole extent of the country, and defines the
particular portion of each; giving us details of
everything it contains; of God's perfect arrangements for
the appropriation of the whole, and the distribution of
each part of His people, so as to produce a well-ordered
whole, and perfect in all its parts, according to the
wisdom of God. But here we have to realise the
distinction maintained in the New Testament between the
gifts of God, and the enjoyment of the gifts given.
"Ye have an unction from the Holy One, and ye know
all things." "He hath made us sit together in
heavenly places by the same power which placed Christ
there, when He raised Him from the dead and set Him above
every name that is named. Alas! how many earthly things
still remain unsubdued among Christians. But the Holy
Ghost takes cognizance of this condition, in view of, and
in connection with, that which rightfully belongs to them:
it is this which enables us to understand the second
division of this book.
The whole land
parcelled out and given by Jehovah Himself
Although there was still a
considerable part of the land to be possessed, Joshua
parcels out the whole amongst the tribes of Israel,
according to the command of Jehovah, who declares that He
will Himself drive out its inhabitants before them. But
the people poorly responded to this promise. The cities
of the Philistines were indeed taken, but their
inhabitants were not exterminated; they were spared, and
soon regained power. Here we may remark that, wherever
there is faithfulness, there is rest. The effect of
Joshua's work was, that "the land had rest from war";
so also with that of Caleb (chap. 14: 15). When the
cities of the Levites were allotted them, we find the
same thing again (chap. 21: 43, 44). It is not so in
detail. The whole extent of country is given to Israel,
and each tribe has his share; the portion, therefore,
which fell to each tribe was given them in full right by
Jehovah Himself. Their borders were marked out; for the
Spirit of God takes notice of everything in distributing
the spiritual inheritance, and gives to each according to
the mind of God. There is nothing uncertain in God's
arrangements. But we find that not one tribe drove out
all the enemies of God from His inheritance, not one
realised the possession of all that God had given him.
Judah and Joseph
take possession of their lots
Judah and Joseph take
possession of their lots. We know that they always
remained chief amongst Israel, fulfilling thus the
counsels of God as to royalty for Judah, and the
birthright which fell by grace to Joseph (chaps. 15-17;
see 1 Chron. 5: 2). The tabernacle of God was also set up
in peace (chap. 18); but, once at rest, the tribes are
very slow in taking possession of their portion—too
frequently the history of God's people. Having found
peace, they neglect His promises. Nevertheless, as we
have seen, the Spirit of God did not fail to point out to
the people in detail all that belonged to them.
The cities of
refuge the provision for restoration of the enjoyment of
the inheritance
The cities of refuge are
appointed (chap. 20); that is, the land being Jehovah's,
provision is made that it may not be defiled, and for the
return of every man to his inheritance, after he had fled
from it for a time, because of killing some person
unawares. We have already seen the force of this. Only we
may remark here, that not only have we seen spiritual
title to all at once before Jericho—the rights of
Jehovah maintained in the case of the king of Ai and
mount Ebal, as the ground of present possession—but
provision for restoration to enjoyment of the inheritance
in detail when temporarily lost, which, in figure,
applies to the people in the last days.
The two tribes and
a half
The establishment of the
two tribes and a half on the other side Jordan gave rise
to difficulties and suspicions. Nevertheless these tribes
were faithful at heart. Their position had done them harm,
their self-seeking having somewhat marred the energy of
their faith: still, faithfulness to Jehovah was found in
them.
Joshua's warning
Finally, Joshua sets the
people, in the way of warning, under a curse, or under a
blessing, according to their obedience or disobedience;
and then recapitulates their history, telling them that
their fathers had been idolaters, and that the people
around them were so still.
Peaceable
possession of all under promise of obedience
But the people, not having
yet lost the sense of the power of God who had blessed
them, declare that they will serve Jehovah alone. They
are thus placed under responsibility, and undertake to
obey, as the condition of their possessing the land and
enjoying the fruit of God's promise. They are left there,
it is true, in peaceable possession of it all, but under
the condition of obedience after having already allowed
those, who should have been utterly destroyed, to remain
in the land; and when, from the outset, they had not at
all realised that which God had given them. What a
picture of the assembly ever since the days of the
apostles!
The heavenly
things which are ours
There is yet one remark to
be made. When Christ shall return in glory, we shall
inherit all things, Satan being bound. The assembly ought
to realise now, by the Holy Ghost, the power of this
glory. But there are things, properly called heavenly,
which are ours, as being our dwelling-place, our standing,
our calling; there are others which are subjected to us,
and which are a sphere for the exercise of the power that
we possess. Thus the limits of Israel's abode were less
extensive than those of the territory to which they had a
right. Jordan was the boundary of their abode, the
Euphrates that of their possession. The heavenly things
are ours; but the manifestation of the power of Christ
over creation, and the deliverance of this creation, is
granted to us. It will be delivered when Christ Himself
shall exercise the power.
Thus the "powers of
the world to come [1]"
were deliverances from the yoke of the enemy. These were
not things proper to us; nevertheless they were ours.
[1] So called, I
doubt not, because they were samples of that power which
will entirely subdue the enemy when Christ shall appear.
Joshua 19 Bible Commentary
John Darby’s Synopsis
The extent of the country and portion of each to be known
Chapter 12 is only a summary of their conquests. The Holy Ghost not only gives us the victory over our enemies, but makes us understand and know the whole extent of the country, and defines the particular portion of each; giving us details of everything it contains; of God's perfect arrangements for the appropriation of the whole, and the distribution of each part of His people, so as to produce a well-ordered whole, and perfect in all its parts, according to the wisdom of God. But here we have to realise the distinction maintained in the New Testament between the gifts of God, and the enjoyment of the gifts given. "Ye have an unction from the Holy One, and ye know all things." "He hath made us sit together in heavenly places by the same power which placed Christ there, when He raised Him from the dead and set Him above every name that is named. Alas! how many earthly things still remain unsubdued among Christians. But the Holy Ghost takes cognizance of this condition, in view of, and in connection with, that which rightfully belongs to them: it is this which enables us to understand the second division of this book.
The whole land parcelled out and given by Jehovah Himself
Although there was still a considerable part of the land to be possessed, Joshua parcels out the whole amongst the tribes of Israel, according to the command of Jehovah, who declares that He will Himself drive out its inhabitants before them. But the people poorly responded to this promise. The cities of the Philistines were indeed taken, but their inhabitants were not exterminated; they were spared, and soon regained power. Here we may remark that, wherever there is faithfulness, there is rest. The effect of Joshua's work was, that "the land had rest from war"; so also with that of Caleb (chap. 14: 15). When the cities of the Levites were allotted them, we find the same thing again (chap. 21: 43, 44). It is not so in detail. The whole extent of country is given to Israel, and each tribe has his share; the portion, therefore, which fell to each tribe was given them in full right by Jehovah Himself. Their borders were marked out; for the Spirit of God takes notice of everything in distributing the spiritual inheritance, and gives to each according to the mind of God. There is nothing uncertain in God's arrangements. But we find that not one tribe drove out all the enemies of God from His inheritance, not one realised the possession of all that God had given him.
Judah and Joseph take possession of their lots
Judah and Joseph take possession of their lots. We know that they always remained chief amongst Israel, fulfilling thus the counsels of God as to royalty for Judah, and the birthright which fell by grace to Joseph (chaps. 15-17; see 1 Chron. 5: 2). The tabernacle of God was also set up in peace (chap. 18); but, once at rest, the tribes are very slow in taking possession of their portion—too frequently the history of God's people. Having found peace, they neglect His promises. Nevertheless, as we have seen, the Spirit of God did not fail to point out to the people in detail all that belonged to them.
The cities of refuge the provision for restoration of the enjoyment of the inheritance
The cities of refuge are appointed (chap. 20); that is, the land being Jehovah's, provision is made that it may not be defiled, and for the return of every man to his inheritance, after he had fled from it for a time, because of killing some person unawares. We have already seen the force of this. Only we may remark here, that not only have we seen spiritual title to all at once before Jericho—the rights of Jehovah maintained in the case of the king of Ai and mount Ebal, as the ground of present possession—but provision for restoration to enjoyment of the inheritance in detail when temporarily lost, which, in figure, applies to the people in the last days.
The two tribes and a half
The establishment of the two tribes and a half on the other side Jordan gave rise to difficulties and suspicions. Nevertheless these tribes were faithful at heart. Their position had done them harm, their self-seeking having somewhat marred the energy of their faith: still, faithfulness to Jehovah was found in them.
Joshua's warning
Finally, Joshua sets the people, in the way of warning, under a curse, or under a blessing, according to their obedience or disobedience; and then recapitulates their history, telling them that their fathers had been idolaters, and that the people around them were so still.
Peaceable possession of all under promise of obedience
But the people, not having yet lost the sense of the power of God who had blessed them, declare that they will serve Jehovah alone. They are thus placed under responsibility, and undertake to obey, as the condition of their possessing the land and enjoying the fruit of God's promise. They are left there, it is true, in peaceable possession of it all, but under the condition of obedience after having already allowed those, who should have been utterly destroyed, to remain in the land; and when, from the outset, they had not at all realised that which God had given them. What a picture of the assembly ever since the days of the apostles!
The heavenly things which are ours
There is yet one remark to be made. When Christ shall return in glory, we shall inherit all things, Satan being bound. The assembly ought to realise now, by the Holy Ghost, the power of this glory. But there are things, properly called heavenly, which are ours, as being our dwelling-place, our standing, our calling; there are others which are subjected to us, and which are a sphere for the exercise of the power that we possess. Thus the limits of Israel's abode were less extensive than those of the territory to which they had a right. Jordan was the boundary of their abode, the Euphrates that of their possession. The heavenly things are ours; but the manifestation of the power of Christ over creation, and the deliverance of this creation, is granted to us. It will be delivered when Christ Himself shall exercise the power.
Thus the "powers of the world to come [1]" were deliverances from the yoke of the enemy. These were not things proper to us; nevertheless they were ours.
[1] So called, I doubt not, because they were samples of that power which will entirely subdue the enemy when Christ shall appear.