1Ch 4:1-8.
POSTERITY OF
JUDAH BY
CALEB THE
SON OF
HUR.
1. the sons of Judah--that is, "the descendants," for with the
exception of Pharez, none of those here mentioned were his immediate
sons. Indeed, the others are mentioned solely to introduce the name of
Shobal, whose genealogy the historian intended to trace
(1Ch 2:52).
9, 10. Jabez--was, as many think, the son of Coz, or Kenaz, and
is here eulogized for his sincere and fervent piety, as well, perhaps,
as for some public and patriotic works which he performed. The Jewish
writers affirm that he was an eminent doctor in the law, whose
reputation drew so many scribes around him that a town was called by
his name
(1Ch 2:55);
and to the piety of his character this passage bears ample testimony.
The memory of the critical circumstances which marked his birth was
perpetuated in his name (compare
Ge 35:15);
and yet, in the development of his high talents or distinguished worth
in later life, his mother must have found a satisfaction and delight
that amply compensated for all her early trials. His prayer which is
here recorded, and which, like Jacob's, is in the form of a vow
(Ge 28:20),
seems to have been uttered when he was entering on an important or
critical service, for the successful execution of which he placed
confidence neither on his own nor his people's prowess, but looked
anxiously for the aid and blessing of God. The enterprise was in all
probability the expulsion of the Canaanites from the territory he
occupied; and as this was a war of extermination, which God Himself had
commanded, His blessing could be the more reasonably asked and expected
in preserving them from all the evils to which the undertaking might
expose him. In these words, "that it may not grieve me," and which
might be more literally rendered, "that I may have no more sorrow,"
there is an allusion to the meaning of his name, Jabez, signifying
"grief"; and the import of this petition is, Let me not experience the
grief which my name implies, and which my sins may well produce.
10. God granted him that which he requested--Whatever was the kind of
undertaking which roused his anxieties, Jabez enjoyed a remarkable
degree of prosperity, and God, in this instance, proved that He was not
only the hearer, but the answerer of prayer.
13. the sons of Kenaz--the grandfather of Caleb, who from that
relationship is called a Kenezite
(Nu 32:12).
14. Joab, the father of the valley of Carashim--literally, "the
father of the inhabitants of the valley"--"the valley of craftsmen," as
the word denotes. They dwelt together, according to a custom which,
independently of any law, extensively prevails in Eastern countries for
persons of the same trade to inhabit the same street or the same
quarter, and to follow the same occupation from father to son, through
many generations. Their occupation was probably that of carpenters, and
the valley where they lived seems to have been in the neighborhood of
Jerusalem
(Ne 11:35).
17, 18. she bare Miriam--It is difficult, as the verses stand at
present, to see who is meant. The following readjustment of the text
clears away the obscurity: "These are the sons of Bithiah the daughter
of Pharaoh, which Mered took, and she bare Miriam, and his wife
Jehudijah bare Jezreel," &c.
18. Jehudijah--"the Jewess," to distinguish her from his other
wife, who was an Egyptian. This passage records a very interesting
fact--the marriage of an Egyptian princess to a descendant of Caleb.
The marriage must have taken place in the wilderness. The barriers of a
different national language and national religion kept the Hebrews
separate from the Egyptians; but they did not wholly prevent
intimacies, and even occasional intermarriages between private
individuals of the two nations. Before such unions, however, could be
sanctioned, the Egyptian party must have renounced idolatry, and this
daughter of Pharaoh, as appears from her name, had become a convert to
the worship of the God of Israel.
21. Laadah . . . the father . . . of the house of them that wrought
fine linen--Here, again, is another incidental evidence that in very
early times certain trades were followed by particular families among
the Hebrews, apparently in hereditary succession. Their knowledge of
the art of linen manufacture had been, most probably, acquired in
Egypt, where the duty of bringing up families to the occupations of
their forefathers was a compulsory obligation, whereas in Israel, as in
many parts of Asia to this day, it was optional, though common.
22, 23. had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem--"And these are
ancient things" seems a strange rendering of a proper name; and,
besides, it conveys a meaning that has no bearing on the record. The
following improved translation has been suggested: "Sojourned in Moab,
but returned to Beth-lehem and Adaberim-athekim. These and the
inhabitants of Netaim and Gedera were potters employed by the king in
his own work." Gedera or Gederoth, and Netaim, belonged to the tribe of
Judah, and lay on the southeast border of the Philistines' territory
(Jos 15:36;
2Ch 28:18).
24. The sons of Simeon--They are classed along with those of Judah,
as their possession was partly taken out of the extensive territory of
the latter
(Jos 19:1).
The difference in several particulars of the genealogy given here from
that given in other passages is occasioned by some of the persons
mentioned having more than one name [compare
Ge 46:10;
Ex 6:15;
Nu 26:12].
27. his brethren had not many children--(see
Nu 1:22; 26:14).
31-43. These were their cities unto the reign of David--In consequence
of the sloth or cowardice of the Simeonites, some of the cities within
their allotted territory were only nominally theirs. They were never
taken from the Philistines until David's time, when, the Simeonites
having forfeited all claim to them, he assigned them to his own tribe
of Judah
(1Sa 27:6).
38, 39. increased greatly, and they went to the entrance of
Gedor--Simeon having only a part of the land of Judah, they were
forced to seek accommodation elsewhere; but their establishment in the
new and fertile pastures of Gederah was soon broken up; for, being
attacked by a band of nomad plunderers, they were driven from place to
place till some of them effected by force a settlement on Mount Seir.
1 Chronicles 4 Bible Commentary
Jamieson, Faussett, and Brown
1Ch 4:1-8. POSTERITY OF JUDAH BY CALEB THE SON OF HUR.
1. the sons of Judah--that is, "the descendants," for with the exception of Pharez, none of those here mentioned were his immediate sons. Indeed, the others are mentioned solely to introduce the name of Shobal, whose genealogy the historian intended to trace (1Ch 2:52).
1Ch 4:9-20. OF JABEZ, AND HIS PRAYER.
9, 10. Jabez--was, as many think, the son of Coz, or Kenaz, and is here eulogized for his sincere and fervent piety, as well, perhaps, as for some public and patriotic works which he performed. The Jewish writers affirm that he was an eminent doctor in the law, whose reputation drew so many scribes around him that a town was called by his name (1Ch 2:55); and to the piety of his character this passage bears ample testimony. The memory of the critical circumstances which marked his birth was perpetuated in his name (compare Ge 35:15); and yet, in the development of his high talents or distinguished worth in later life, his mother must have found a satisfaction and delight that amply compensated for all her early trials. His prayer which is here recorded, and which, like Jacob's, is in the form of a vow (Ge 28:20), seems to have been uttered when he was entering on an important or critical service, for the successful execution of which he placed confidence neither on his own nor his people's prowess, but looked anxiously for the aid and blessing of God. The enterprise was in all probability the expulsion of the Canaanites from the territory he occupied; and as this was a war of extermination, which God Himself had commanded, His blessing could be the more reasonably asked and expected in preserving them from all the evils to which the undertaking might expose him. In these words, "that it may not grieve me," and which might be more literally rendered, "that I may have no more sorrow," there is an allusion to the meaning of his name, Jabez, signifying "grief"; and the import of this petition is, Let me not experience the grief which my name implies, and which my sins may well produce.
10. God granted him that which he requested--Whatever was the kind of undertaking which roused his anxieties, Jabez enjoyed a remarkable degree of prosperity, and God, in this instance, proved that He was not only the hearer, but the answerer of prayer.
13. the sons of Kenaz--the grandfather of Caleb, who from that relationship is called a Kenezite (Nu 32:12).
14. Joab, the father of the valley of Carashim--literally, "the father of the inhabitants of the valley"--"the valley of craftsmen," as the word denotes. They dwelt together, according to a custom which, independently of any law, extensively prevails in Eastern countries for persons of the same trade to inhabit the same street or the same quarter, and to follow the same occupation from father to son, through many generations. Their occupation was probably that of carpenters, and the valley where they lived seems to have been in the neighborhood of Jerusalem (Ne 11:35).
17, 18. she bare Miriam--It is difficult, as the verses stand at present, to see who is meant. The following readjustment of the text clears away the obscurity: "These are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took, and she bare Miriam, and his wife Jehudijah bare Jezreel," &c.
18. Jehudijah--"the Jewess," to distinguish her from his other wife, who was an Egyptian. This passage records a very interesting fact--the marriage of an Egyptian princess to a descendant of Caleb. The marriage must have taken place in the wilderness. The barriers of a different national language and national religion kept the Hebrews separate from the Egyptians; but they did not wholly prevent intimacies, and even occasional intermarriages between private individuals of the two nations. Before such unions, however, could be sanctioned, the Egyptian party must have renounced idolatry, and this daughter of Pharaoh, as appears from her name, had become a convert to the worship of the God of Israel.
1Ch 4:21-23. POSTERITY OF SHELAH.
21. Laadah . . . the father . . . of the house of them that wrought fine linen--Here, again, is another incidental evidence that in very early times certain trades were followed by particular families among the Hebrews, apparently in hereditary succession. Their knowledge of the art of linen manufacture had been, most probably, acquired in Egypt, where the duty of bringing up families to the occupations of their forefathers was a compulsory obligation, whereas in Israel, as in many parts of Asia to this day, it was optional, though common.
22, 23. had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem--"And these are ancient things" seems a strange rendering of a proper name; and, besides, it conveys a meaning that has no bearing on the record. The following improved translation has been suggested: "Sojourned in Moab, but returned to Beth-lehem and Adaberim-athekim. These and the inhabitants of Netaim and Gedera were potters employed by the king in his own work." Gedera or Gederoth, and Netaim, belonged to the tribe of Judah, and lay on the southeast border of the Philistines' territory (Jos 15:36; 2Ch 28:18).
1Ch 4:24-43. OF SIMEON.
24. The sons of Simeon--They are classed along with those of Judah, as their possession was partly taken out of the extensive territory of the latter (Jos 19:1). The difference in several particulars of the genealogy given here from that given in other passages is occasioned by some of the persons mentioned having more than one name [compare Ge 46:10; Ex 6:15; Nu 26:12].
27. his brethren had not many children--(see Nu 1:22; 26:14).
31-43. These were their cities unto the reign of David--In consequence of the sloth or cowardice of the Simeonites, some of the cities within their allotted territory were only nominally theirs. They were never taken from the Philistines until David's time, when, the Simeonites having forfeited all claim to them, he assigned them to his own tribe of Judah (1Sa 27:6).
38, 39. increased greatly, and they went to the entrance of Gedor--Simeon having only a part of the land of Judah, they were forced to seek accommodation elsewhere; but their establishment in the new and fertile pastures of Gederah was soon broken up; for, being attacked by a band of nomad plunderers, they were driven from place to place till some of them effected by force a settlement on Mount Seir.