The Epistles of Apostle Paul have a very distinctive character. All Scripture, up to the Gospel accounts of the crucifixion, looks forward to the cross, and the blessing of the earth through the Incarnation of Christ. But "hid in God" (Ephesians 3:9) was an unrevealed fact--the interval of time between the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ and His return in glory; and an unrevealed purpose-- the out calling of the ecclesia, the church which is Christ's body. In Mat. 16, our Lord announced that purpose, but wholly without explanation as to how, when, or of what materials that church should be built, or what should be its position, relationships, privileges, or duties.
All this constitutes precisely the scope of the Epistles of Paul. They develop the doctrine of the church. In his letters to seven Gentile churches (in Rome, Corinth, Galatia, Ephesus, Philippi, Colosse, and Thessalonica), the church, the "mystery which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God" (Ephesians 3:9), is fully revealed, and fully instructed as to her unique place in the counsels and purposes of God.
Through Paul alone, we know that the church is not an organization, but an organism, the body of Christ, instinct with His life, and heavenly in calling, promise, and destiny. Through him alone, we know the nature, purpose, and form of organization of local churches and the right conduct of such gatherings. Through Him alone do we know that "we shall not all sleep," that "the dead in Christ shall rise first," and that living saints shall be "changed" and caught up to meet the Lord in the air at His return.
But to Paul was also committed the unfolding of the doctrines of grace, which were latent in the teachings of Jesus Christ. Paul originates nothing but unfolds everything concerning the nature and purpose of the law; the ground and means of the believer's justification, sanctification, and glory; the meanings of the death of Christ; and the position, walk, expectation, and service of the Christian.
Paul converted by the personal ministry of the Lord in glory, is distinctively the witness to a glorified Christ, Head over all things to the church which is His body, as the Eleven were to Christ in the flesh, the Son of Abraham and David.
The chronological order of Paul's Epistles is believed to be as follows:
Hebrews has a distinctive place, nor can the order of that book amongst the writings of Paul be definitely fixed.
Two periods in the life of Paul after his conversion are passed over in silence, which is itself significant--the journey into Arabia, from which the Apostle returned in full possession of the Gospel explanation as outlined in Galatians and Romans, and the two silent years in prison in Caesarea, between his arrest in the temple at Jerusalem and his deportation to Rome.
It was inevitable that a trained intellect like that of Paul, a convinced believer in Mosasism and, until his conversion on the Damascus road, an eager opposer of Christianity, must seek the underlying principles of the Gospel. Immediately after his conversion, he preached Jesus as the Messiah. Still, the relation of the Gospel to the Law needed to be addressed if Christianity was to be a reasonable faith and not a mere dogma. In Arabia, Paul sought and found that adjustment through revelation by the Spirit. Out of it came the doctrinal explanation of salvation by grace through faith, wholly apart from the law, embodied in Galatians and Romans.
But the Gospel brings the believer into great relationships--with the Father, other believers, Christ, and God's future purposes. It is not only a salvation from sin and the consequences of sin, but into an amazing place in the Divine counsels. Furthermore, the new thing, the church, in its various aspects and junctions, demanded clear revelation. And these are the chief themes of the Epistles written by Paul from Rome, and commonly called the Prison Epistles--Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians. As explained by Paul himself, it is contrary to the method of inspiration to suppose that these crowning revelations were made apart from deep meditation, demanding quietness, and earnest seeking. It seems most congruous with the events of Paul's life to suppose that these great revelations came during the silent years at Caesarea--often spoken of as wasted.
Article from Scofield Reference Notes (1917) (Public Domain)
For over 90 years people have relied on this reference work in their daily study of God's Word. Written originally in 1909, C. I. Scofield intended to provide a concise but complete tool that would meet the need of someone just beginning to read the Bible.