The Massachusetts rulings came in the U.S. District Court in Boston, where Judge Joseph Tauro decided two cases, both representing challenges to parts of DOMA. In the end, Judge Tauro struck down one of the Act's major provisions, but left the rest intact . . . for now.
When adopted in 1996, the Defense of Marriage Act represented a bi-partisan determination to define marriage, in terms of Federal law, as the union of a man and a woman. There were two main provisions within DOMA. One established the fact that the Federal government would not recognize same-sex marriages, even if legalized by individual states. Thus, there would be no extension of Federal marriage benefits to same-sex couples.
The second major provision of DOMA protects the states from any requirement to grant legal recognition to a same-sex union legal in any other state.
Judge Tauro struck down the first provision, and left the second standing. In his decision, the Judge ruled that DOMA "plainly encroaches" on the right of Massachusetts to establish its own laws regulating marriage. By prohibiting extension of Federal programs to same-sex married couples on par with heterosexual couples, the Judge ruled that DOMA violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution.
In Judge Tauro's words:
"This court has determined that it is clearly within the authority of the Commonwealth to recognize same-sex marriages among its residents, and to afford those individuals in same-sex marriages any benefits, rights, and privileges to which they are entitled by virtue of their marital status . . . . The federal government, by enacting and enforcing DOMA, plainly encroaches upon the firmly entrenched province of the state."
The big difference between the California and Massachusetts cases is that, in Massachusetts, same-sex marriages are legally recognized. The California case is a challenge to Proposition 8, the voter initiative passed by California citizens in 2008, preventing the recognition of same-sex marriage in that state.
Judge Tauro's ruling sets the stage for certain appeals, even as much more attention has been directed to the California case. A decision in that case is expected very soon. As with Judge Tauro's rulings, the decision in the California cases will certainly be appealed, regardless of the outcome. Some legal observers have predicted that the Massachusetts and California cases may eventually end up together before the U. S. Supreme Court.
In any event, the stage is set for the nation's highest court to receive these cases on eventual appeal. It is difficult to exaggerate the importance of that event. Given the importance of these cases, it will be virtually impossible for the Supreme Court to avoid the issues entirely.
In the meantime, even though Judge Tauro's ruling extends only to the Commonweath of Massachusetts for now, its effects, as with respect to so many other Federal court cases, will extend far beyond the Bay State.
Make no mistake - these rulings in Massachusetts are a major blow to the sanctity of marriage, not only in that state, but in all fifty states. Once again, we face a summer with marriage on trial.
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Michael A. Lindenberger, "Boston Rulings Could Push Gay Marriage Closer to the Supreme Court," TIME magazine, Friday, July 9, 2010.
