David was in distress when he penned this psalm, pursued, it is
most likely, by Saul, that violent man. Is any distressed? Let him pray; David
did so, and had the comfort of it. I. He prays for God's favourable acceptance
(v. 1, 2). II. For his powerful assistance (v. 3, 4). III. That others might be
instrumental of good to his soul, as he hoped to be to the souls of others (v.
5, 6). IV. That he and his friends being now brought to the last extremity God
would graciously appear for their relief and rescue (v. 7-10). The mercy and
grace of God are as necessary to us as they were to him, and therefore we should
be humbly earnest for them in singing this psalm.
Mercy to accept what we do well, and grace to keep us from doing
ill, are the two things which we are here taught by David's example to pray to
God for.
I. David loved prayer, and he begs of God that his prayers might
be heard and answered, v. 1, 2. David cried unto God. His crying denotes
fervency in prayer; he prayed as one in earnest. His crying to God denotes faith
and fixedness in prayer. And what did he desire as the success of his prayer? 1.
That God would take cognizance of it: "Give ear to my voice; let me
have a gracious audience." Those that cry in prayer may hope to be heard in
prayer, not for their loudness, but their liveliness. 2. That he would visit him
upon it: Make haste unto me. Those that know how to value God's
gracious presence will be importunate for it and humbly impatient of delays. He
that believes does not make haste, but he that prays may be earnest with God to
make haste. 3. That he would be well pleased with him in it, well pleased with
his praying and the lifting up of his hands in prayer, which
denotes both the elevation and enlargement of his desire and the out-goings of
his hope and expectation, the lifting up of the hand signifying the lifting up
of the heart, and being used instead of lifting up the sacrifices which were
heaved and waved before the Lord. Prayer is a spiritual sacrifice; it is the
offering up of the soul, and its best affections, to God. Now he prays that this
may be set forth and directed before God as the incense which was daily
burnt upon the golden altar, and as the evening sacrifice, which he
mentions rather than the morning sacrifice, perhaps because this was an evening
prayer, or with an eye to Christ, who, in the evening of the world and in the
evening of the day, was to offer up himself a sacrifice of atonement, and
establish the spiritual sacrifices of acknowledgement, having abolished all the
carnal ordinances of the law. Those that pray in faith may expect it will please
God better than an ox or bullock. David was now banished from God's court, and
could not attend the sacrifice and incense, and therefore begs that his prayer
might be instead of them. Note, Prayer is of a sweet-smelling savour to God, as
incense, which yet has no savour without fire; nor has prayer without the fire
of holy love and fervour.
II. David was in fear of sin, and he begs of God that he might
be kept from sin, knowing that his prayers would not be accepted unless he took
care to watch against sin. We must be as earnest for God's grace in us as for
his favour towards us. 1. He prays that he might not be surprised into any
sinful words (v. 3): "Set a watch, O Lord! before my mouth, and,
nature having made my lips to be a door to my words, let grace keep that door,
that no word may be suffered to go out which may in any way tend to the
dishonour of God or the hurt of others." Good men know the evil of
tongue-sins, and how prone they are to them (when enemies are provoking we are
in danger of carrying our resentment too far, and of speaking unadvisedly, as
Moses did, though the meekest of men), and therefore they are earnest with God
to prevent their speaking amiss, as knowing that no watchfulness or resolution
of their own is sufficient for the governing of their tongues, much less of
their hearts, without the special grace of God. We must keep our mouths as
with a bridle; but that will not serve: we must pray to God to keep them.
Nehemiah prayed to the Lord when he set a watch, and so must we, for without him
the watchman walketh but in vain. 2. That he might not be inclined to any sinful
practices (v. 4): "Incline not my heart to any evil thing; whatever
inclination there is in me to sin, let it be not only restrained, but mortified,
by divine grace." The example of those about us, and the provocations of
those against us, are apt to stir up and draw out corrupt inclinations. We are
ready to do as others do, and to think that if we have received injuries we may
return them; and therefore we have need to pray that we may never be left to
ourselves to practise any wicked work, either in confederacy with or in
opposition to the men that work iniquity. While we live in such an evil
world, and carry about with us such evil hearts, we have need to pray that we
may neither be drawn in by any allurement nor driven on by any provocation to do
any sinful thing. 3. That he might not be ensnared by any sinful pleasures: "Let
me not eat of their dainties. Let me not join with them in their feasts and
sports, lest thereby I be inveigled into their sins." Better is a dinner
of herbs, out of the way of temptation, than a stalled ox in it.
Sinners pretend to find dainties in sin. Stolen waters are sweet;
forbidden fruit is pleasant to the eye. But those that consider how soon the
dainties of sin will turn into wormwood and gall, how certainly it will, at
last, bite like a serpent and sting like an adder, will dread
those dainties, and pray to God by his providence to take them out of their
sight, and by his grace to turn them against them. Good men will pray even
against the sweets of sin.
Here, I. David desires to be told of his faults. His enemies
reproached him with that which was false, which he could not but complain of;
yet, at the same time, he desired his friends would reprove him for that which
was really amiss in him, particularly if there was any thing that gave the least
colour to those reproaches (v. 5): let the righteous smite me; it shall be a
kindness. The righteous God (so some); "I will welcome the
rebukes of his providence, and be so far from quarrelling with them that I will
receive them as tokens of love and improve them as means of grace, and will pray
for those that are the instruments of my trouble." But it is commonly taken
for the reproofs given by righteous men; and it best becomes those that are
themselves righteous to reprove the unrighteousness of others, and from them
reproof will be best taken. But if the reproof be just, though the reprover be
not so, we must make a good use of it and learn obedience by it. We are here
taught how to receive the reproofs of the righteous and wise. 1. We must desire
to be reproved for whatever is amiss in us, or is done amiss by us: "Lord,
put it into the heart of the righteous to smite me and reprove me. If my own
heart does not smite me, as it ought, let my friend do it; let me never
fall under that dreadful judgment of being let alone in sin." 2. We must
account it a piece of friendship. We must not only bear it patiently, but take
it as a kindness; for reproofs of instruction are the way of life (Prov.
6:23), are means of good to us, to bring us to repentance for the sins we have
committed, and to prevent relapses into sin. Though reproofs cut, it is in order
to a cure, and therefore they are much more desirable than the kisses of an
enemy (Prov. 27:6) or the song of fools, Eccl. 7:5. David blessed God for
Abigail's seasonable admonition, 1 Sa. 25:32. 3. We must reckon ourselves
helped and healed by it: It shall be as an excellent oil to a wound, to
mollify it and close it up; it shall not break my head, as some reckon it
to do, who could as well bear to have their heads broken as to be told of their
faults; but, says David, "I am not of that mind; it is my sin that has
broken my head, that has broken my bones, Ps. 51:8. The reproof is an excellent
oil, to cure the bruises sin has given me. It shall not break my head, if
it may but help to break my heart." 4. We must requite the kindness of
those that deal thus faithfully, thus friendly with us, at least by our prayers
for them in their calamities, and hereby we must show that we take it
kindly. Dr. Hammond gives quite another reading of this verse: "Reproach
will bruise me that am righteous, and rebuke me; but that poisonous oil shall
not break my head (shall not destroy me, shall not do me the mischief
intended), for yet my prayer shall be in their mischiefs, that God would
preserve me from them, and my prayer shall not be in vain."
II. David hopes his persecutors will, some time or other, bear
to be told of their faults, as he was willing to be told of his (v. 6): "When
their judges" (Saul and his officers who judged and condemned David,
and would themselves be sole judges) "are overthrown in stony places,
among the rocks in the wilderness, then they shall hear my words, for they
are sweet." Some think this refers to the relentings that were in Saul's
breast when he said, with tears, Is this thy voice, my son David? 1 Sa.
24:16; 26:21. Or we may take it more generally: even judges, great as they are,
may come to be overthrown. Those that make the greatest figure in this world do
not always meet with level smooth ways through it. And those that slighted the
word of God before will relish it, and be glad of it, when they are in
affliction, for that opens the ear to instruction. When the world is bitter the
word is sweet. Oppressed innocency cannot gain a hearing with those that live in
pomp and pleasure, but when they come to be overthrown themselves they will have
more compassionate thoughts of the afflicted.
III. David complains of the great extremity to which he and his
friends were reduced (v. 7): Our bones are scattered at the grave's mouth,
out of which they are thrown up, so long have we been dead, or into which they
are ready to be thrown, so near are we to the pit; and they are as little
regarded as chips among the hewers of wood, which are thrown in neglected heaps:
As one that cuts and cleaves the earth (so some read it), alluding to the
ploughman who tears the earth in pieces with his plough-share, Ps. 129:3. Can
these dry bones live?
IV. David casts himself upon God, and depends upon him for
deliverance: "But my eyes are unto thee (v. 8); for, when the case
is ever so deplorable, thou canst redress all the grievances. From thee I expect
relief, bad as things are, and in thee is my trust." Those that have
their eye towards God may have their hopes in him.
V. He prays that God would succour and relieve him as his
necessity required. 1. That he would comfort him: "Leave not my soul
desolate and destitute; still let me see where my help is." 2. That he
would prevent the designs of his enemies against him (v. 9): "Keep me
from being taken in the snare they have laid for me; give me to
discover it and to evade it." Be the gin placed with ever so much subtlety,
God can and will secure his people from being taken in it. 3. That God would, in
justice, turn the designs of his enemies upon themselves, and, in mercy, deliver
him from being ruined by them (v. 10): let the wicked fall into their own
net, the net which, intentionally, they procured for me, but which,
meritoriously, they prepared for themselves. Nec lex est justioir ulla quam
necis artifices arte perire sua—No law can be more just than that the
architects of destruction should perish by their own contrivances. All that
are bound over to God's justice are held in the cords of their own iniquity.
But let me at the same time obtain a discharge. The entangling and ensnaring of
the wicked sometimes prove the escape and enlargement of the righteous.
Psalm 141 Bible Commentary
Matthew Henry Bible Commentary (complete)
David was in distress when he penned this psalm, pursued, it is most likely, by Saul, that violent man. Is any distressed? Let him pray; David did so, and had the comfort of it. I. He prays for God's favourable acceptance (v. 1, 2). II. For his powerful assistance (v. 3, 4). III. That others might be instrumental of good to his soul, as he hoped to be to the souls of others (v. 5, 6). IV. That he and his friends being now brought to the last extremity God would graciously appear for their relief and rescue (v. 7-10). The mercy and grace of God are as necessary to us as they were to him, and therefore we should be humbly earnest for them in singing this psalm.
A psalm of David.
Verses 1-4
Mercy to accept what we do well, and grace to keep us from doing ill, are the two things which we are here taught by David's example to pray to God for.
I. David loved prayer, and he begs of God that his prayers might be heard and answered, v. 1, 2. David cried unto God. His crying denotes fervency in prayer; he prayed as one in earnest. His crying to God denotes faith and fixedness in prayer. And what did he desire as the success of his prayer? 1. That God would take cognizance of it: "Give ear to my voice; let me have a gracious audience." Those that cry in prayer may hope to be heard in prayer, not for their loudness, but their liveliness. 2. That he would visit him upon it: Make haste unto me. Those that know how to value God's gracious presence will be importunate for it and humbly impatient of delays. He that believes does not make haste, but he that prays may be earnest with God to make haste. 3. That he would be well pleased with him in it, well pleased with his praying and the lifting up of his hands in prayer, which denotes both the elevation and enlargement of his desire and the out-goings of his hope and expectation, the lifting up of the hand signifying the lifting up of the heart, and being used instead of lifting up the sacrifices which were heaved and waved before the Lord. Prayer is a spiritual sacrifice; it is the offering up of the soul, and its best affections, to God. Now he prays that this may be set forth and directed before God as the incense which was daily burnt upon the golden altar, and as the evening sacrifice, which he mentions rather than the morning sacrifice, perhaps because this was an evening prayer, or with an eye to Christ, who, in the evening of the world and in the evening of the day, was to offer up himself a sacrifice of atonement, and establish the spiritual sacrifices of acknowledgement, having abolished all the carnal ordinances of the law. Those that pray in faith may expect it will please God better than an ox or bullock. David was now banished from God's court, and could not attend the sacrifice and incense, and therefore begs that his prayer might be instead of them. Note, Prayer is of a sweet-smelling savour to God, as incense, which yet has no savour without fire; nor has prayer without the fire of holy love and fervour.
II. David was in fear of sin, and he begs of God that he might be kept from sin, knowing that his prayers would not be accepted unless he took care to watch against sin. We must be as earnest for God's grace in us as for his favour towards us. 1. He prays that he might not be surprised into any sinful words (v. 3): "Set a watch, O Lord! before my mouth, and, nature having made my lips to be a door to my words, let grace keep that door, that no word may be suffered to go out which may in any way tend to the dishonour of God or the hurt of others." Good men know the evil of tongue-sins, and how prone they are to them (when enemies are provoking we are in danger of carrying our resentment too far, and of speaking unadvisedly, as Moses did, though the meekest of men), and therefore they are earnest with God to prevent their speaking amiss, as knowing that no watchfulness or resolution of their own is sufficient for the governing of their tongues, much less of their hearts, without the special grace of God. We must keep our mouths as with a bridle; but that will not serve: we must pray to God to keep them. Nehemiah prayed to the Lord when he set a watch, and so must we, for without him the watchman walketh but in vain. 2. That he might not be inclined to any sinful practices (v. 4): "Incline not my heart to any evil thing; whatever inclination there is in me to sin, let it be not only restrained, but mortified, by divine grace." The example of those about us, and the provocations of those against us, are apt to stir up and draw out corrupt inclinations. We are ready to do as others do, and to think that if we have received injuries we may return them; and therefore we have need to pray that we may never be left to ourselves to practise any wicked work, either in confederacy with or in opposition to the men that work iniquity. While we live in such an evil world, and carry about with us such evil hearts, we have need to pray that we may neither be drawn in by any allurement nor driven on by any provocation to do any sinful thing. 3. That he might not be ensnared by any sinful pleasures: "Let me not eat of their dainties. Let me not join with them in their feasts and sports, lest thereby I be inveigled into their sins." Better is a dinner of herbs, out of the way of temptation, than a stalled ox in it. Sinners pretend to find dainties in sin. Stolen waters are sweet; forbidden fruit is pleasant to the eye. But those that consider how soon the dainties of sin will turn into wormwood and gall, how certainly it will, at last, bite like a serpent and sting like an adder, will dread those dainties, and pray to God by his providence to take them out of their sight, and by his grace to turn them against them. Good men will pray even against the sweets of sin.
Verses 5-10
Here, I. David desires to be told of his faults. His enemies reproached him with that which was false, which he could not but complain of; yet, at the same time, he desired his friends would reprove him for that which was really amiss in him, particularly if there was any thing that gave the least colour to those reproaches (v. 5): let the righteous smite me; it shall be a kindness. The righteous God (so some); "I will welcome the rebukes of his providence, and be so far from quarrelling with them that I will receive them as tokens of love and improve them as means of grace, and will pray for those that are the instruments of my trouble." But it is commonly taken for the reproofs given by righteous men; and it best becomes those that are themselves righteous to reprove the unrighteousness of others, and from them reproof will be best taken. But if the reproof be just, though the reprover be not so, we must make a good use of it and learn obedience by it. We are here taught how to receive the reproofs of the righteous and wise. 1. We must desire to be reproved for whatever is amiss in us, or is done amiss by us: "Lord, put it into the heart of the righteous to smite me and reprove me. If my own heart does not smite me, as it ought, let my friend do it; let me never fall under that dreadful judgment of being let alone in sin." 2. We must account it a piece of friendship. We must not only bear it patiently, but take it as a kindness; for reproofs of instruction are the way of life (Prov. 6:23), are means of good to us, to bring us to repentance for the sins we have committed, and to prevent relapses into sin. Though reproofs cut, it is in order to a cure, and therefore they are much more desirable than the kisses of an enemy (Prov. 27:6) or the song of fools, Eccl. 7:5. David blessed God for Abigail's seasonable admonition, 1 Sa. 25:32. 3. We must reckon ourselves helped and healed by it: It shall be as an excellent oil to a wound, to mollify it and close it up; it shall not break my head, as some reckon it to do, who could as well bear to have their heads broken as to be told of their faults; but, says David, "I am not of that mind; it is my sin that has broken my head, that has broken my bones, Ps. 51:8. The reproof is an excellent oil, to cure the bruises sin has given me. It shall not break my head, if it may but help to break my heart." 4. We must requite the kindness of those that deal thus faithfully, thus friendly with us, at least by our prayers for them in their calamities, and hereby we must show that we take it kindly. Dr. Hammond gives quite another reading of this verse: "Reproach will bruise me that am righteous, and rebuke me; but that poisonous oil shall not break my head (shall not destroy me, shall not do me the mischief intended), for yet my prayer shall be in their mischiefs, that God would preserve me from them, and my prayer shall not be in vain."
II. David hopes his persecutors will, some time or other, bear to be told of their faults, as he was willing to be told of his (v. 6): "When their judges" (Saul and his officers who judged and condemned David, and would themselves be sole judges) "are overthrown in stony places, among the rocks in the wilderness, then they shall hear my words, for they are sweet." Some think this refers to the relentings that were in Saul's breast when he said, with tears, Is this thy voice, my son David? 1 Sa. 24:16; 26:21. Or we may take it more generally: even judges, great as they are, may come to be overthrown. Those that make the greatest figure in this world do not always meet with level smooth ways through it. And those that slighted the word of God before will relish it, and be glad of it, when they are in affliction, for that opens the ear to instruction. When the world is bitter the word is sweet. Oppressed innocency cannot gain a hearing with those that live in pomp and pleasure, but when they come to be overthrown themselves they will have more compassionate thoughts of the afflicted.
III. David complains of the great extremity to which he and his friends were reduced (v. 7): Our bones are scattered at the grave's mouth, out of which they are thrown up, so long have we been dead, or into which they are ready to be thrown, so near are we to the pit; and they are as little regarded as chips among the hewers of wood, which are thrown in neglected heaps: As one that cuts and cleaves the earth (so some read it), alluding to the ploughman who tears the earth in pieces with his plough-share, Ps. 129:3. Can these dry bones live?
IV. David casts himself upon God, and depends upon him for deliverance: "But my eyes are unto thee (v. 8); for, when the case is ever so deplorable, thou canst redress all the grievances. From thee I expect relief, bad as things are, and in thee is my trust." Those that have their eye towards God may have their hopes in him.
V. He prays that God would succour and relieve him as his necessity required. 1. That he would comfort him: "Leave not my soul desolate and destitute; still let me see where my help is." 2. That he would prevent the designs of his enemies against him (v. 9): "Keep me from being taken in the snare they have laid for me; give me to discover it and to evade it." Be the gin placed with ever so much subtlety, God can and will secure his people from being taken in it. 3. That God would, in justice, turn the designs of his enemies upon themselves, and, in mercy, deliver him from being ruined by them (v. 10): let the wicked fall into their own net, the net which, intentionally, they procured for me, but which, meritoriously, they prepared for themselves. Nec lex est justioir ulla quam necis artifices arte perire sua—No law can be more just than that the architects of destruction should perish by their own contrivances. All that are bound over to God's justice are held in the cords of their own iniquity. But let me at the same time obtain a discharge. The entangling and ensnaring of the wicked sometimes prove the escape and enlargement of the righteous.