At this chapter begins an account of the orders and instructions
God gave to Moses upon the mount for the erecting and furnishing of a tabernacle
to the honour of God. We have here. I. Orders given for a collection to be made
among the people for this purpose (v. 1-9). II. Particular instructions, 1.
Concerning the ark of the covenant (v. 10-22). 2. The table of showbread (v.
23-30). 3. The golden candlestick (v. 31, etc.).
We may suppose that when Moses went into the midst of the cloud,
and abode there so long, where the holy angels attended the shechinah, or
divine Majesty, he saw and heard very glorious things relating to the upper
world, but they were things which it was not lawful nor possible to utter; and
therefore, in the records he kept of the transactions there, he says nothing to
satisfy the curiosity of those who would intrude into the things which they have
not seen, but writes that only which he was to speak to the children of Israel.
For the scripture is designed to direct us in our duty, not to fill our heads
with speculations, nor to please our fancies.
In these verses God tells Moses his intention in general, that
the children of Israel should build him a sanctuary, for he designed to dwell
among them (v. 8); and some think that, though there were altars and groves
used for religious worship before this, yet there never was any house, or
temple, built for sacred uses in any nation before this tabernacle was erected
by Moses, and that all the temples which were afterwards so much celebrated
among the heathen took rise from this and pattern by it. God had chosen the
people of Israel to be a peculiar people to himself (above all people), among
whom divine revelation, and a religion according to it, should be lodged and
established: he himself would be their King. As their King, he had already given
them laws for the government of themselves, and their dealings one with another,
with some general rules for religious worship, according to the light of reason
and the law of nature, in the ten commandments and the following comments upon
them. But this was not thought sufficient to distinguish them from other
nations, or to answer to the extent of that covenant which God would make with
them to be their God; and therefore,
I. He orders a royal palace to be set up among them for himself,
here called a sanctuary, or holy place, or habitation, of
which it is said (Jer. 17:12), A glorious high throne from the beginning is
the place of our sanctuary. This sanctuary is to be considered,
1. As ceremonial, consonant to the to the other institutions of
that dispensation, which consisted in carnal ordinances (Heb. 9:10); hence it is
called a worldly sanctuary, Heb. 9:1. God in it kept his court, as Israel's
King. (1.) There he manifested his presence among them, and it was intended for
a sign or token of his presence, that, while they had that in the midst of them,
they might never again ask, Is the Lord among us or not? And, because in
the wilderness they dwelt in tents, even this royal palace was ordered to be a
tabernacle too, that it might move with them, and might be an instance of the
condescension of the divine favour. (2.) There he ordered his subjects to attend
him with their homage and tribute. Thither they must come to consult his
oracles, thither they must bring their sacrifices, and there all Israel must
meet, to pay their joint respects to the God of Israel.
2. As typical; the holy places made with hands were the figures
of the true, Heb. 9:24. The gospel church is the true tabernacle, which
the Lord hath pitched, and not man, Heb. 8:2. The body of Christ, in and by
which he made atonement, was the greater and more perfect tabernacle,
Heb. 9:11. The Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, as in a
tabernacle.
II. When Moses was to erect this palace, it was requisite that
he should first be instructed where he must have the materials, and where he
must have the model; for he could neither contrive it by his own ingenuity nor
build it at his own charge; he is therefore directed here concerning both.
1. The people must furnish him with the materials, not by a tax
imposed upon them, but by a voluntary contribution. This is the first thing
concerning which orders are here given.
(1.) Speak unto the children of Israel that they bring me an
offering; and there was all the reason in the world that they should, for
(v. 1), [1.] It was God himself that had not only enlarged them, but enriched
them with the spoils of the Egyptians. He had instructed them to borrow, and he
had inclined the Egyptians to lend, so that from him they had their wealth, and
therefore it was fit they should devote it to him and use it for him, and thus
make a grateful acknowledgement of the favours they had received. Note, First,
The best use we can make of our worldly wealth is to honour God with it in works
of piety and charity. Secondly, When we have been blessed with some
remarkable success in our affairs, and have had, as we say, a good turn, it may
be justly expected that we should do something more than ordinary for the glory
of God, consecrating our gain, in some reasonable proportion of it, to the Lord
of the whole earth, Mic. 4:13. [2.] The sanctuary that was to be built was
intended for their benefit and comfort, and therefore they must be at the
expense of it. They had been unworthy of the privilege if they had grudged at
the charge. They might well afford to offer liberally for the honour of God,
while they lived at free quarters, having food for themselves and their families
rained upon them daily from heaven. We also must own that we have our all from
God's bounty, and therefore ought to use all for his glory. Since we live upon
him, we must live to him.
(2.) This offering must be given willingly, and with the heart,
that is, [1.] It was not prescribed to them what or how much they must give, but
it was left to their generosity, that they might show their good-will to the
house of God and the offices thereof, and might do it with a holy emulation, the
zeal of a few provoking many, 2 Co. 9:2. We should ask, not only,
"What must we do?" but, "What may we do for God?" [2.]
Whatever they gave, they must give it cheerfully, not grudgingly and with
reluctance, for God loves a cheerful giver, 2 Co. 9:7. What is laid out
in the service of God we must reckon well bestowed.
(3.) The particulars are here mentioned which they must offer
(v. 3-7), all of them things that there would be occasion for in the tabernacle,
or the service of it. Some observe that here was gold, silver, and brass,
provided, but no iron; that is the military metal, and this was to be a house of
peace. Every thing that was provided was very rich and fine, and the best of the
sort; for God, who is the best, should have the best.
2. God himself would furnish him with the model: According to
all that I show thee, v. 9. God showed him an exact plan of it, in
miniature, which he must conform to in all points. Thus Ezekiel saw in vision
the form of the house and the fashion thereof, Eze. 43:11. Note, Whatsoever is
done in God's service must be done by his direction, and not otherwise. Yet
God did not only show him the model, but gave him also particular directions how
to frame the tabernacle according to that model, in all the parts of it, which
he goes over distinctly in this and the following chapters. When Moses, in the
beginning of Genesis, was to describe the creation of the world, though it is
such a stately and curious fabric and made up of such a variety and vast number
of particulars, yet he gave a very short and general account of it, and nothing
compared with what the wisdom of this world would have desired and expected from
one that wrote by divine revelation; but, when he comes to describe the
tabernacle, he does it with the greatest niceness and accuracy imaginable. He
that gave us no account of the lines and circles of the globe, the diameter of
the earth, or the height and magnitude of the stars, has told us particularly
the measure of every board and curtain of the tabernacle; for God's church and
instituted religion are more precious to him and more considerable than all the
rest of the world. And the scriptures were written, not to describe to us the
works of nature, a general view of which is sufficient to lead us to the
knowledge and service of the Creator, but to acquaint us with the methods of
grace, and those things which are purely matters of divine revelation. The
blessedness of the future state is more fully represented under the notion of a
new Jerusalem than under the notion of new heavens and a new earth.
The first thing which is here ordered to be made is the ark with
its appurtenances, the furniture of the most holy place, and the special token
of God's presence, for which the tabernacle was erected to be the receptacle.
I. The ark itself was a chest, or coffer, in which the two
tables of the law, written with the finger of God, were to be honourably
deposited, and carefully kept. The dimensions of it are exactly ordered; if the
Jewish cubit was, as some learned men compute, three inches longer than our
half-yard (twenty-one inches in all), this chest or cabinet was about fifty-two
inches long, thirty-one broad, and thirty-one deep. It was overlaid within and
without with thin plates of gold. It had a crown, or cornice, of gold, round it,
with rings and staves to carry it with; and in it he must put the testimony, v.
10-16. The tables of the law are called the testimony because God did
in them testify his will: his giving them that law was in token of his favour to
them; and their acceptance of it was in token of their subjection and obedience
to him. This law was a testimony to them, to direct them in their duty, and
would be a testimony against them if they transgressed. The ark is called the ark
of the testimony (ch. 30:6), and the tabernacle the tabernacle of the
testimony (Num. 10:11) or witness, Acts 7:44. The gospel of Christ is also
called a testimony or witness, Mt. 24:14. It is observable, 1. That the tables
of the law were carefully preserved in the ark for the purpose, to teach us to
make much of the word of God, and to hide it in our hearts, in our innermost
thoughts, as the ark was placed in the holy of holies. It intimates likewise the
care which divine Providence ever did, and ever will, take to preserve the
records of divine revelation in the church, so that even in the latter days
there shall be seen in his temple the ark of his testament. See Rev.
11:19. 2. That this ark was the chief token of God's presence, which teaches
us that the first and great evidence and assurance of God's favour is the
putting of his law in the heart. God dwells where that rules, Heb. 8:10. 3. That
provision was made for the carrying of this ark about with them in all their
removals, which intimates to us that, wherever we go, we should take our
religion along with us, always bearing about with us the love of the Lord Jesus,
and his law.
II. The mercy-seat was the covering of the ark or chest, made of
solid gold, exactly to fit the dimensions of the ark, v. 17, 21. This propitiatory
covering, as it might well be translated, was a type of Christ, the great
propitiation, whose satisfaction fully answers the demands of the law, covers
our transgressions, and comes between us and the curse we deserve. Thus he is
the end of the law for righteousness.
III. The cherubim of gold were fixed to the mercy-seat, and of a
piece with it, and spread their wings over it, v. 18. It is supposed that these
cherubim were designed to represent the holy angels, who always attended the shechinah,
or divine Majesty, particularly at the giving of the law; not by any effigies of
an angel, but some emblem of the angelical nature, probably some one of those
four faces spoken of, Eze. 1:10. Whatever the faces were, they looked one
towards another, and both downward towards the ark, while their wings were
stretched out so as to touch one another. The apostle calls them cherubim of
glory shadowing the mercy-seat, Heb. 9:5. It denotes their attendance upon
the Redeemer, to whom they were ministering spirits, their readiness to do his
will, their special presence in the assemblies of saints (Ps. 68:17; 1 Co.
11:10), and their desire to look into the mysteries of the gospel which they
diligently contemplate, 1 Pt. 1:12. God is said to dwell, or sit, between the
cherubim, on the mercy-seat (Ps. 80:1), and thence he here promises, for the
future, to meet with Moses, and to commune with him, v. 22. There he
would give law, and there he would give audience, as a prince on his throne; and
thus he manifests himself willing to be reconciled to us, and keep up communion
with us, in and by the mediation of Christ. In allusion to this mercy-seat, we
are said to come boldly to the throne of grace (Heb. 4:16); for we are
not under the law, which is covered, but under grace, which is
displayed; its wings are stretched out, and we are invited to come under the
shadow of them, Ruth 2:12.
Here is, 1. A table ordered to be made of wood overlaid with
gold, which was to stand, not in the holy of holies (nothing was in that but the
ark with its appurtenances), but in the outer part of the tabernacle, called the
sanctuary, or holy place, Heb. 9:2, 23, etc. There must also be
the usual furniture of the sideboard, dishes and spoons, etc., and all of
gold, v. 29. 2. This table was to be always spread, and furnished with the
show-bread (v. 30), or bread of faces, twelve loaves, one for each tribe,
set in two rows, six in a row; see the law concerning them, Lev. 24:5, etc. The
tabernacle being God's house, in which he was pleased to say that he would
dwell among them, he would show that he kept a good house. In the royal palace
it was fit that there should be a royal table. Some make the twelve loaves to
represent the twelve tribes, set before God as his people and the corn of his
floor, as they are called, Isa. 21:10. As the ark signified God's being
present with them, so the twelve loaves signified their being presented to God.
This bread was designed to be, (1.) A thankful acknowledgement of God's
goodness to them, in giving them their daily bread, manna in the wilderness,
where he prepared a table for them, and, in Canaan, the corn of the land. Hereby
they owned their dependence upon Providence, not only for the corn in the field,
which they gave thanks for in offering the sheaf of first-fruits, but for the
bread in their houses, that, when it was brought home, God did not blow upon
it, Hag. 1:9. Christ has taught us to pray every day for the bread of the
day. (2.) A token of their communion with God. This bread on God's table being
made of the same corn with the bread on their own tables, God and Israel did, as
it were, eat together, as a pledge of friendship and fellowship; he supped with
them, and they with him. (3.) A type of the spiritual provision which is made in
the church, by the gospel of Christ, for all that are made priests to our God. In
our Father's house there is bread enough and to spare, a loaf for every
tribe. All that attend in God's house shall be abundantly satisfied with the
goodness of it, Ps. 36:8. Divine consolations are the continual feast of holy
souls, notwithstanding there are those to whom the table of the Lord, and
the meat thereof (because it is plain bread), are contemptible,
Mal. 1:12. Christ has a table in his kingdom, at which all his saints shall for
every eat and drink with him, Lu. 22:30.
I. The next thing ordered to be made for the furnishing of God's
palace was a rich stately candlestick, all of pure gold, not hollow, but solid.
The particular directions here given concerning it show, 1. That it was very
magnificent, and a great ornament to the place; it had many branches drawn from
the main shaft, which had not only their bowls (to put the oil and the kindled
wick in) for necessity, but knops and flowers for ornament. 2. That it was very
convenient, and admirably contrived both to scatter the light and to keep the
tabernacle clean from smoke and snuffs. 3. That it was very significant. The
tabernacle had no windows by which to let in the light of the day, all its light
was candle-light, which intimates the comparative darkness of that dispensation,
while the Sun or righteousness had not as yet risen, nor had the day-star from
on high yet visited his church. Yet God left not himself without witness, nor
them without instruction; the commandment was a lamp, and the law a light, and
the prophets were branches from that lamp, which gave light in their several
ages to the Old-Testament church. The church is still dark, as the tabernacle
was, in comparison with what it will be in heaven; but the word of God is the
candlestick, a light shining in a dark place (2 Pt. 1:19), and a dark
place indeed the world would be without it. The Spirit of God, in his various
gifts and graces, is compared to the seven lamps which burn before the
throne, Rev. 4:5. The churches are golden candlesticks, the lights of the
world, holding forth the word of life as the candlestick does the light,
Phil. 2:15, 16. Ministers are to light the lamps, and snuff them (v. 37), by
opening the scriptures. The treasure of this light is now put into earthen
vessels, 2 Co. 4:6, 7. The branches of the candlestick spread every way, to
denote the diffusing of the light of the gospel into all parts by the Christian
ministry, Mt. 5:14, 15. There is a diversity of gifts, but the same
Spirit gives to each to profit withal.
II. There is in the midst of these instructions an express
caution given to Moses, to take heed of varying from his model: Make them
after the pattern shown thee, v. 40. Nothing was left to his own invention,
or the fancy of the workmen, or the people's humour; but the will of God must
be religiously observed in every particular. Thus, 1. All God's providences
are exactly according to his counsels, and the copy never varies from the
original. Infinite Wisdom never changes its measures; whatever is purposed shall
undoubtedly be performed. 2. All his ordinances must be administered according
to his institutions. Christ's instruction to his disciples (Mt. 28:20) is
similar to this: Observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you.
Exodus 25 Bible Commentary
Matthew Henry Bible Commentary (complete)
At this chapter begins an account of the orders and instructions God gave to Moses upon the mount for the erecting and furnishing of a tabernacle to the honour of God. We have here. I. Orders given for a collection to be made among the people for this purpose (v. 1-9). II. Particular instructions, 1. Concerning the ark of the covenant (v. 10-22). 2. The table of showbread (v. 23-30). 3. The golden candlestick (v. 31, etc.).
Verses 1-9
We may suppose that when Moses went into the midst of the cloud, and abode there so long, where the holy angels attended the shechinah, or divine Majesty, he saw and heard very glorious things relating to the upper world, but they were things which it was not lawful nor possible to utter; and therefore, in the records he kept of the transactions there, he says nothing to satisfy the curiosity of those who would intrude into the things which they have not seen, but writes that only which he was to speak to the children of Israel. For the scripture is designed to direct us in our duty, not to fill our heads with speculations, nor to please our fancies.
In these verses God tells Moses his intention in general, that the children of Israel should build him a sanctuary, for he designed to dwell among them (v. 8); and some think that, though there were altars and groves used for religious worship before this, yet there never was any house, or temple, built for sacred uses in any nation before this tabernacle was erected by Moses, and that all the temples which were afterwards so much celebrated among the heathen took rise from this and pattern by it. God had chosen the people of Israel to be a peculiar people to himself (above all people), among whom divine revelation, and a religion according to it, should be lodged and established: he himself would be their King. As their King, he had already given them laws for the government of themselves, and their dealings one with another, with some general rules for religious worship, according to the light of reason and the law of nature, in the ten commandments and the following comments upon them. But this was not thought sufficient to distinguish them from other nations, or to answer to the extent of that covenant which God would make with them to be their God; and therefore,
I. He orders a royal palace to be set up among them for himself, here called a sanctuary, or holy place, or habitation, of which it is said (Jer. 17:12), A glorious high throne from the beginning is the place of our sanctuary. This sanctuary is to be considered,
1. As ceremonial, consonant to the to the other institutions of that dispensation, which consisted in carnal ordinances (Heb. 9:10); hence it is called a worldly sanctuary, Heb. 9:1. God in it kept his court, as Israel's King. (1.) There he manifested his presence among them, and it was intended for a sign or token of his presence, that, while they had that in the midst of them, they might never again ask, Is the Lord among us or not? And, because in the wilderness they dwelt in tents, even this royal palace was ordered to be a tabernacle too, that it might move with them, and might be an instance of the condescension of the divine favour. (2.) There he ordered his subjects to attend him with their homage and tribute. Thither they must come to consult his oracles, thither they must bring their sacrifices, and there all Israel must meet, to pay their joint respects to the God of Israel.
2. As typical; the holy places made with hands were the figures of the true, Heb. 9:24. The gospel church is the true tabernacle, which the Lord hath pitched, and not man, Heb. 8:2. The body of Christ, in and by which he made atonement, was the greater and more perfect tabernacle, Heb. 9:11. The Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, as in a tabernacle.
II. When Moses was to erect this palace, it was requisite that he should first be instructed where he must have the materials, and where he must have the model; for he could neither contrive it by his own ingenuity nor build it at his own charge; he is therefore directed here concerning both.
1. The people must furnish him with the materials, not by a tax imposed upon them, but by a voluntary contribution. This is the first thing concerning which orders are here given.
(1.) Speak unto the children of Israel that they bring me an offering; and there was all the reason in the world that they should, for (v. 1), [1.] It was God himself that had not only enlarged them, but enriched them with the spoils of the Egyptians. He had instructed them to borrow, and he had inclined the Egyptians to lend, so that from him they had their wealth, and therefore it was fit they should devote it to him and use it for him, and thus make a grateful acknowledgement of the favours they had received. Note, First, The best use we can make of our worldly wealth is to honour God with it in works of piety and charity. Secondly, When we have been blessed with some remarkable success in our affairs, and have had, as we say, a good turn, it may be justly expected that we should do something more than ordinary for the glory of God, consecrating our gain, in some reasonable proportion of it, to the Lord of the whole earth, Mic. 4:13. [2.] The sanctuary that was to be built was intended for their benefit and comfort, and therefore they must be at the expense of it. They had been unworthy of the privilege if they had grudged at the charge. They might well afford to offer liberally for the honour of God, while they lived at free quarters, having food for themselves and their families rained upon them daily from heaven. We also must own that we have our all from God's bounty, and therefore ought to use all for his glory. Since we live upon him, we must live to him.
(2.) This offering must be given willingly, and with the heart, that is, [1.] It was not prescribed to them what or how much they must give, but it was left to their generosity, that they might show their good-will to the house of God and the offices thereof, and might do it with a holy emulation, the zeal of a few provoking many, 2 Co. 9:2. We should ask, not only, "What must we do?" but, "What may we do for God?" [2.] Whatever they gave, they must give it cheerfully, not grudgingly and with reluctance, for God loves a cheerful giver, 2 Co. 9:7. What is laid out in the service of God we must reckon well bestowed.
(3.) The particulars are here mentioned which they must offer (v. 3-7), all of them things that there would be occasion for in the tabernacle, or the service of it. Some observe that here was gold, silver, and brass, provided, but no iron; that is the military metal, and this was to be a house of peace. Every thing that was provided was very rich and fine, and the best of the sort; for God, who is the best, should have the best.
2. God himself would furnish him with the model: According to all that I show thee, v. 9. God showed him an exact plan of it, in miniature, which he must conform to in all points. Thus Ezekiel saw in vision the form of the house and the fashion thereof, Eze. 43:11. Note, Whatsoever is done in God's service must be done by his direction, and not otherwise. Yet God did not only show him the model, but gave him also particular directions how to frame the tabernacle according to that model, in all the parts of it, which he goes over distinctly in this and the following chapters. When Moses, in the beginning of Genesis, was to describe the creation of the world, though it is such a stately and curious fabric and made up of such a variety and vast number of particulars, yet he gave a very short and general account of it, and nothing compared with what the wisdom of this world would have desired and expected from one that wrote by divine revelation; but, when he comes to describe the tabernacle, he does it with the greatest niceness and accuracy imaginable. He that gave us no account of the lines and circles of the globe, the diameter of the earth, or the height and magnitude of the stars, has told us particularly the measure of every board and curtain of the tabernacle; for God's church and instituted religion are more precious to him and more considerable than all the rest of the world. And the scriptures were written, not to describe to us the works of nature, a general view of which is sufficient to lead us to the knowledge and service of the Creator, but to acquaint us with the methods of grace, and those things which are purely matters of divine revelation. The blessedness of the future state is more fully represented under the notion of a new Jerusalem than under the notion of new heavens and a new earth.
Verses 10-22
The first thing which is here ordered to be made is the ark with its appurtenances, the furniture of the most holy place, and the special token of God's presence, for which the tabernacle was erected to be the receptacle.
I. The ark itself was a chest, or coffer, in which the two tables of the law, written with the finger of God, were to be honourably deposited, and carefully kept. The dimensions of it are exactly ordered; if the Jewish cubit was, as some learned men compute, three inches longer than our half-yard (twenty-one inches in all), this chest or cabinet was about fifty-two inches long, thirty-one broad, and thirty-one deep. It was overlaid within and without with thin plates of gold. It had a crown, or cornice, of gold, round it, with rings and staves to carry it with; and in it he must put the testimony, v. 10-16. The tables of the law are called the testimony because God did in them testify his will: his giving them that law was in token of his favour to them; and their acceptance of it was in token of their subjection and obedience to him. This law was a testimony to them, to direct them in their duty, and would be a testimony against them if they transgressed. The ark is called the ark of the testimony (ch. 30:6), and the tabernacle the tabernacle of the testimony (Num. 10:11) or witness, Acts 7:44. The gospel of Christ is also called a testimony or witness, Mt. 24:14. It is observable, 1. That the tables of the law were carefully preserved in the ark for the purpose, to teach us to make much of the word of God, and to hide it in our hearts, in our innermost thoughts, as the ark was placed in the holy of holies. It intimates likewise the care which divine Providence ever did, and ever will, take to preserve the records of divine revelation in the church, so that even in the latter days there shall be seen in his temple the ark of his testament. See Rev. 11:19. 2. That this ark was the chief token of God's presence, which teaches us that the first and great evidence and assurance of God's favour is the putting of his law in the heart. God dwells where that rules, Heb. 8:10. 3. That provision was made for the carrying of this ark about with them in all their removals, which intimates to us that, wherever we go, we should take our religion along with us, always bearing about with us the love of the Lord Jesus, and his law.
II. The mercy-seat was the covering of the ark or chest, made of solid gold, exactly to fit the dimensions of the ark, v. 17, 21. This propitiatory covering, as it might well be translated, was a type of Christ, the great propitiation, whose satisfaction fully answers the demands of the law, covers our transgressions, and comes between us and the curse we deserve. Thus he is the end of the law for righteousness.
III. The cherubim of gold were fixed to the mercy-seat, and of a piece with it, and spread their wings over it, v. 18. It is supposed that these cherubim were designed to represent the holy angels, who always attended the shechinah, or divine Majesty, particularly at the giving of the law; not by any effigies of an angel, but some emblem of the angelical nature, probably some one of those four faces spoken of, Eze. 1:10. Whatever the faces were, they looked one towards another, and both downward towards the ark, while their wings were stretched out so as to touch one another. The apostle calls them cherubim of glory shadowing the mercy-seat, Heb. 9:5. It denotes their attendance upon the Redeemer, to whom they were ministering spirits, their readiness to do his will, their special presence in the assemblies of saints (Ps. 68:17; 1 Co. 11:10), and their desire to look into the mysteries of the gospel which they diligently contemplate, 1 Pt. 1:12. God is said to dwell, or sit, between the cherubim, on the mercy-seat (Ps. 80:1), and thence he here promises, for the future, to meet with Moses, and to commune with him, v. 22. There he would give law, and there he would give audience, as a prince on his throne; and thus he manifests himself willing to be reconciled to us, and keep up communion with us, in and by the mediation of Christ. In allusion to this mercy-seat, we are said to come boldly to the throne of grace (Heb. 4:16); for we are not under the law, which is covered, but under grace, which is displayed; its wings are stretched out, and we are invited to come under the shadow of them, Ruth 2:12.
Verses 23-30
Here is, 1. A table ordered to be made of wood overlaid with gold, which was to stand, not in the holy of holies (nothing was in that but the ark with its appurtenances), but in the outer part of the tabernacle, called the sanctuary, or holy place, Heb. 9:2, 23, etc. There must also be the usual furniture of the sideboard, dishes and spoons, etc., and all of gold, v. 29. 2. This table was to be always spread, and furnished with the show-bread (v. 30), or bread of faces, twelve loaves, one for each tribe, set in two rows, six in a row; see the law concerning them, Lev. 24:5, etc. The tabernacle being God's house, in which he was pleased to say that he would dwell among them, he would show that he kept a good house. In the royal palace it was fit that there should be a royal table. Some make the twelve loaves to represent the twelve tribes, set before God as his people and the corn of his floor, as they are called, Isa. 21:10. As the ark signified God's being present with them, so the twelve loaves signified their being presented to God. This bread was designed to be, (1.) A thankful acknowledgement of God's goodness to them, in giving them their daily bread, manna in the wilderness, where he prepared a table for them, and, in Canaan, the corn of the land. Hereby they owned their dependence upon Providence, not only for the corn in the field, which they gave thanks for in offering the sheaf of first-fruits, but for the bread in their houses, that, when it was brought home, God did not blow upon it, Hag. 1:9. Christ has taught us to pray every day for the bread of the day. (2.) A token of their communion with God. This bread on God's table being made of the same corn with the bread on their own tables, God and Israel did, as it were, eat together, as a pledge of friendship and fellowship; he supped with them, and they with him. (3.) A type of the spiritual provision which is made in the church, by the gospel of Christ, for all that are made priests to our God. In our Father's house there is bread enough and to spare, a loaf for every tribe. All that attend in God's house shall be abundantly satisfied with the goodness of it, Ps. 36:8. Divine consolations are the continual feast of holy souls, notwithstanding there are those to whom the table of the Lord, and the meat thereof (because it is plain bread), are contemptible, Mal. 1:12. Christ has a table in his kingdom, at which all his saints shall for every eat and drink with him, Lu. 22:30.
Verses 31-40
I. The next thing ordered to be made for the furnishing of God's palace was a rich stately candlestick, all of pure gold, not hollow, but solid. The particular directions here given concerning it show, 1. That it was very magnificent, and a great ornament to the place; it had many branches drawn from the main shaft, which had not only their bowls (to put the oil and the kindled wick in) for necessity, but knops and flowers for ornament. 2. That it was very convenient, and admirably contrived both to scatter the light and to keep the tabernacle clean from smoke and snuffs. 3. That it was very significant. The tabernacle had no windows by which to let in the light of the day, all its light was candle-light, which intimates the comparative darkness of that dispensation, while the Sun or righteousness had not as yet risen, nor had the day-star from on high yet visited his church. Yet God left not himself without witness, nor them without instruction; the commandment was a lamp, and the law a light, and the prophets were branches from that lamp, which gave light in their several ages to the Old-Testament church. The church is still dark, as the tabernacle was, in comparison with what it will be in heaven; but the word of God is the candlestick, a light shining in a dark place (2 Pt. 1:19), and a dark place indeed the world would be without it. The Spirit of God, in his various gifts and graces, is compared to the seven lamps which burn before the throne, Rev. 4:5. The churches are golden candlesticks, the lights of the world, holding forth the word of life as the candlestick does the light, Phil. 2:15, 16. Ministers are to light the lamps, and snuff them (v. 37), by opening the scriptures. The treasure of this light is now put into earthen vessels, 2 Co. 4:6, 7. The branches of the candlestick spread every way, to denote the diffusing of the light of the gospel into all parts by the Christian ministry, Mt. 5:14, 15. There is a diversity of gifts, but the same Spirit gives to each to profit withal.
II. There is in the midst of these instructions an express caution given to Moses, to take heed of varying from his model: Make them after the pattern shown thee, v. 40. Nothing was left to his own invention, or the fancy of the workmen, or the people's humour; but the will of God must be religiously observed in every particular. Thus, 1. All God's providences are exactly according to his counsels, and the copy never varies from the original. Infinite Wisdom never changes its measures; whatever is purposed shall undoubtedly be performed. 2. All his ordinances must be administered according to his institutions. Christ's instruction to his disciples (Mt. 28:20) is similar to this: Observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you.