1. Joshua rose early in the morning--On the day following that on which
the spies had returned with their encouraging report. The camp was
broken up in "Shittim" (the acacia groves), and removed to the eastern
bank of the Jordan. The duration of their stay is indicated
(Jos 3:2),
being, according to Hebrew reckoning, only one entire day, including
the evening of arrival and the morning of the passage; and such a time
would be absolutely necessary for so motley an assemblage of men, women,
and children, with all their gear and cattle to make ready for going
into an enemy's country.
2-4. the officers went through the host; And they commanded the
people--The instructions given at this time and in this place were
different from those described
(Jos 1:11).
3, 4. When ye see the ark . . ., and the priests the Levites bearing
it--The usual position of the ark, when at rest, was in the center
of the camp; and, during a march, in the middle of the procession. On
this occasion it was to occupy the van, and be borne, not by the
Kohathite Levites, but the priests, as on all solemn and extraordinary
occasions (compare
Nu 4:15;
Jos 6:6;
1Ki 8:3-6).
then ye shall . . . go after it. Yet there shall be a space between you
and it--These instructions refer exclusively to the advance into the
river. The distance which the people were to keep in the rear of the
ark was nearly a mile. Had they crowded too near the ark, the view
would have been intercepted, and this intervening space, therefore, was
ordered, that the chest containing the sacred symbols might be
distinctly visible to all parts of the camp, and be recognized as their
guide in the untrodden way.
5. Joshua said unto the people--rather "had said," for as he speaks of
"to-morrow," the address must have been made previous to the day of
crossing, and the sanctification was in all probability the same as
Moses had commanded before the giving of the law, consisting of an
outward cleansing
(Ex 19:10-15)
preparatory to that serious and devout state of mind with which so
great a manifestation should be witnessed.
6. Joshua spake unto the priests--This order to the priests would be
given privately, and involving as it did an important change in the
established order of march, it must be considered as announced in the
name and by the authority of God. Moreover, as soon as the priests
stepped into the waters of Jordan, they were to stand still. The ark
was to accomplish what had been done by the rod of Moses.
7, 8. the Lord said to Joshua, This day will I . . . magnify thee in
the sight of all Israel--Joshua had already received distinguished
honors
(Ex 24:13;
De 31:7).
But a higher token of the divine favor was now to be publicly bestowed
on him, and evidence given in the same unmistakable manner that his
mission and authority were from God as was that of Moses
(Ex 14:31).
9-13. Come hither, and hear the words of the Lord--It seems that the
Israelites had no intimation how they were to cross the river till
shortly before the event. The premonitory address of Joshua, taken in
connection with the miraculous result exactly as he had described it,
would tend to increase and confirm their faith in the God of their
fathers as not a dull, senseless, inanimate thing like the idols of the
nations, but a Being of life, power, and activity to defend them and
work for them.
14-16. And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents,
&c.--To understand the scene described we must imagine the band of
priests with the ark on their shoulders, standing on the depressed edge
of the river, while the mass of the people were at a mile's distance.
Suddenly the whole bed of the river was dried up; a spectacle the more
extraordinary in that it took place in the time of harvest,
corresponding to our April or May--when "the Jordan overfloweth all its
banks." The original words may be more properly rendered "fills all its
banks." Its channel, snow-fed from Lebanon, was at its greatest
height--brimful; a translation which gives the only true description of
the state of Jordan in harvest as observed by modern travellers. The
river about Jericho is, in ordinary appearance, about fifty or sixty
yards in breadth. But as seen in harvest, it is twice as broad; and in
ancient times, when the hills on the right and left were much more
drenched with rain and snow than since the forests have disappeared,
the river must, from a greater accession of water, have been broader
still than at harvest-time in the present day.
16. the waters which came down from above--that is, the Sea of Galilee
stood and rose up upon a heap--"in a heap," a firm, compact barrier
(Ex 15:8;
Ps 78:13);
very far--high up the stream;
from the city Adam, that is beside Zaretan--near mount Sartabeh,
in the northern part of the Ghor
(1Ki 7:46);
that is, a distance of thirty miles from the Israelitish encampment; and
those that came down toward the sea of the desert--the Dead Sea--were
cut off
(Ps 114:2, 3).
The river was thus dried up as far as the eye could reach. This was a
stupendous miracle; Jordan takes its name, "the Descender," from the
force of its current, which, after passing the Sea of Galilee, becomes
greatly increased as it plunges through twenty-seven "horrible rapids
and cascades," besides a great many lesser through a fall of a thousand
feet, averaging from four to five miles an hour [LYNCH]. When swollen "in time of harvest," it flows with
a vastly accelerated current.
the people passed over right against Jericho--The exact spot is
unknown; but it cannot be that fixed by Greek tradition--the pilgrims'
bathing-place--both because it is too much to the north, and the
eastern banks are there sheer precipices ten or fifteen feet high.
17. the priests . . . and all the Israelites passed over on dry
ground--the river about Jericho has a firm pebbly bottom, on which the
host might pass, without inconvenience when the water was cleared off.
Joshua 3 Bible Commentary
Jamieson, Faussett, and Brown
Jos 3:1-6. JOSHUA COMES TO JORDAN.
1. Joshua rose early in the morning--On the day following that on which the spies had returned with their encouraging report. The camp was broken up in "Shittim" (the acacia groves), and removed to the eastern bank of the Jordan. The duration of their stay is indicated (Jos 3:2), being, according to Hebrew reckoning, only one entire day, including the evening of arrival and the morning of the passage; and such a time would be absolutely necessary for so motley an assemblage of men, women, and children, with all their gear and cattle to make ready for going into an enemy's country.
2-4. the officers went through the host; And they commanded the people--The instructions given at this time and in this place were different from those described (Jos 1:11).
3, 4. When ye see the ark . . ., and the priests the Levites bearing it--The usual position of the ark, when at rest, was in the center of the camp; and, during a march, in the middle of the procession. On this occasion it was to occupy the van, and be borne, not by the Kohathite Levites, but the priests, as on all solemn and extraordinary occasions (compare Nu 4:15; Jos 6:6; 1Ki 8:3-6).
then ye shall . . . go after it. Yet there shall be a space between you and it--These instructions refer exclusively to the advance into the river. The distance which the people were to keep in the rear of the ark was nearly a mile. Had they crowded too near the ark, the view would have been intercepted, and this intervening space, therefore, was ordered, that the chest containing the sacred symbols might be distinctly visible to all parts of the camp, and be recognized as their guide in the untrodden way.
5. Joshua said unto the people--rather "had said," for as he speaks of "to-morrow," the address must have been made previous to the day of crossing, and the sanctification was in all probability the same as Moses had commanded before the giving of the law, consisting of an outward cleansing (Ex 19:10-15) preparatory to that serious and devout state of mind with which so great a manifestation should be witnessed.
6. Joshua spake unto the priests--This order to the priests would be given privately, and involving as it did an important change in the established order of march, it must be considered as announced in the name and by the authority of God. Moreover, as soon as the priests stepped into the waters of Jordan, they were to stand still. The ark was to accomplish what had been done by the rod of Moses.
Jos 3:7, 8. THE LORD ENCOURAGES JOSHUA.
7, 8. the Lord said to Joshua, This day will I . . . magnify thee in the sight of all Israel--Joshua had already received distinguished honors (Ex 24:13; De 31:7). But a higher token of the divine favor was now to be publicly bestowed on him, and evidence given in the same unmistakable manner that his mission and authority were from God as was that of Moses (Ex 14:31).
Jos 3:9-13. JOSHUA ENCOURAGES THE PEOPLE.
9-13. Come hither, and hear the words of the Lord--It seems that the Israelites had no intimation how they were to cross the river till shortly before the event. The premonitory address of Joshua, taken in connection with the miraculous result exactly as he had described it, would tend to increase and confirm their faith in the God of their fathers as not a dull, senseless, inanimate thing like the idols of the nations, but a Being of life, power, and activity to defend them and work for them.
Jos 3:14-17. THE WATERS OF JORDAN ARE DIVIDED.
14-16. And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, &c.--To understand the scene described we must imagine the band of priests with the ark on their shoulders, standing on the depressed edge of the river, while the mass of the people were at a mile's distance. Suddenly the whole bed of the river was dried up; a spectacle the more extraordinary in that it took place in the time of harvest, corresponding to our April or May--when "the Jordan overfloweth all its banks." The original words may be more properly rendered "fills all its banks." Its channel, snow-fed from Lebanon, was at its greatest height--brimful; a translation which gives the only true description of the state of Jordan in harvest as observed by modern travellers. The river about Jericho is, in ordinary appearance, about fifty or sixty yards in breadth. But as seen in harvest, it is twice as broad; and in ancient times, when the hills on the right and left were much more drenched with rain and snow than since the forests have disappeared, the river must, from a greater accession of water, have been broader still than at harvest-time in the present day.
16. the waters which came down from above--that is, the Sea of Galilee
stood and rose up upon a heap--"in a heap," a firm, compact barrier (Ex 15:8; Ps 78:13);
very far--high up the stream;
from the city Adam, that is beside Zaretan--near mount Sartabeh, in the northern part of the Ghor (1Ki 7:46); that is, a distance of thirty miles from the Israelitish encampment; and
those that came down toward the sea of the desert--the Dead Sea--were cut off (Ps 114:2, 3). The river was thus dried up as far as the eye could reach. This was a stupendous miracle; Jordan takes its name, "the Descender," from the force of its current, which, after passing the Sea of Galilee, becomes greatly increased as it plunges through twenty-seven "horrible rapids and cascades," besides a great many lesser through a fall of a thousand feet, averaging from four to five miles an hour [LYNCH]. When swollen "in time of harvest," it flows with a vastly accelerated current.
the people passed over right against Jericho--The exact spot is unknown; but it cannot be that fixed by Greek tradition--the pilgrims' bathing-place--both because it is too much to the north, and the eastern banks are there sheer precipices ten or fifteen feet high.
17. the priests . . . and all the Israelites passed over on dry ground--the river about Jericho has a firm pebbly bottom, on which the host might pass, without inconvenience when the water was cleared off.