Eze 25:1-17.
APPROPRIATELY IN THE
INTERVAL OF
SILENCE AS TO THE
JEWS IN THE
EIGHT
CHAPTERS,
(TWENTY-FIFTH THROUGH
THIRTY-SECOND)
EZEKIEL
DENOUNCES
JUDGMENTS ON THE
HEATHEN
WORLD
KINGDOMS.
If Israel was not spared, much less the heathen utterly corrupt, and
having no mixture of truth, such as Israel in its worst state possessed
(1Pe 4:17, 18).
Their ruin was to be utter: Israel's but temporary
(Jer 46:28).
The nations denounced are seven, the perfect number; implying
that God's judgments would visit, not merely these, but the whole
round of the heathen foes of God. Babylon is excepted, because she
is now for the present viewed as the rod of God's retributive justice,
a view too much then lost sight of by those who fretted against her
universal supremacy.
3.
(Jer 49:1).
when . . . profaned; . . . when . . .
desolate; . . . when . . . captivity--rather,
"for . . . for . . . for": the cause of the
insolent exultation of Ammon over Jerusalem. They triumphed especially
over the fall of the "sanctuary," as the triumph of heathenism over the
rival claims of Jehovah. In Jehoshaphat's time, when the eighty-third
Psalm was written
(Ps 83:4, 7, 8, 12,
"Ammon . . . holpen the children of Lot," who were,
therefore, the leaders of the unholy conspiracy, "Let us take to
ourselves the houses of God in possession"), we see the same
profane spirit. Now at last their wicked wish seems accomplished in the
fall of Jerusalem. Ammon, descended from Lot, held the region east of
Jordan, separated from the Amorites on the north by the river Jabbok,
and from Moab on the south by the Arnon. They were auxiliaries to
Babylon in the destruction of Jerusalem
(2Ki 24:2).
4. men of . . . east--literally, "children of the East," the nomad
tribes of Arabia-Deserta, east of the Jordan and the Dead Sea.
palaces--their nomadic encampments or folds, surrounded with mud
walls, are so called in irony. Where thy "palaces" once stood, there
shall their very different "palaces" stand. Fulfilled after the ravaging
of their region by Nebuchadnezzar, shortly after the destruction of
Jerusalem (compare
Eze 21:22;
Jer 49:1-28).
5. Rabbah--meaning "the Great," Ammon's metropolis. Under the Ptolemies
it was rebuilt under the name Philadelphia; the ruins are called Amman now, but there is no dwelling inhabited.
Ammonites--that is, the Ammonite region is to be a
"couching place for flocks," namely of the Arabs. The "camels," being
the chief beast of burden of the Chaldeans, are put first, as their
invasion was to prepare the Ammonite land for the Arab "flocks."
Instead of busy men, there shall be "still and couching flocks."
6, 7. "Because thou hast clapped thine hands," exulting over
the downfall of Jerusalem, "I also will stretch out Mine hand upon
thee" (to which
Eze 21:17
also may refer, "I will smite Mine hands together").
hands . . . feet . . . heart--with the whole inward feeling, and with
every outward indication. Stamping with the foot means
dancing for joy.
7. a spoil--so the Hebrew Margin, or Keri, for the text or
Chetib, "meat" (so
Eze 26:5; 34:28).
Their goods were to be a "spoil to the foe"; their state
was to be "cut off," so as to be no more a "people"; and they were as
individuals, for the most part, to be "destroyed."
8. Moab, Seir, and Ammon were contiguous countries, stretching in one
line from Gilead on the north to the Red Sea. They therefore naturally
acted in concert, and in joint hostility to Judea.
Judah is like . . . all . . . heathen--The Jews fare no better than
others: it is of no use to them to serve Jehovah, who, they say, is the
only true God.
9, 10. open . . . from the cities--I will open up the side, or
border of Moab (metaphor from a man whose side is open to blows),
from the (direction of) the cities on his northwest border
beyond the Arnon, once assigned to Reuben
(Jos 13:15-21),
but now in the hands of their original owners; and the "men of the
east," the wandering Bedouin hordes, shall enter through these cities
into Moab and waste it. Moab accordingly was so wasted by them, that
long before the time of Christ it had melted away among the hordes of
the desert. For "cities," GROTIUS translates the
Hebrew as proper names, the Ar and Aroer, on the
Arnon. Hence the Hebrew for "cities," "Ar" is repeated twice
(Nu 21:28;
De 2:36;
Isa 15:1).
glory of the country--The region of Moab was richer than that of Ammon;
it answers to the modern Belka, the richest district in South Syria, and
the scene in consequence of many a contest among the Bedouins. Hence it
is called here a "glorious land" (literally, "a glory," or "ornament of
a land") [FAIRBAIRN]. Rather, "the glory of the country" is in
apposition with "cities" which immediately precedes, and the names of
which presently follow.
Beth-jeshimoth--meaning "the city of desolations"; perhaps so named
from some siege it sustained; it was towards the west.
Baal-meon--called also "Beth-meon"
(Jer 48:23),
and "Beth-baal-meon"
(Jos 13:17,
called so from the worship of Baal), and "Bajith," simply
(Isa 15:2).
Kiriathaim--"the double city." The strength of these cities engendered
"the pride" of Moab
(Isa 16:6).
10. with the Ammonites--FAIRBAIRN explains
and translates, "upon the children of Ammon" (elliptically for,
"I will open Moab to the men of the east, who, having overrun the
children of Ammon, shall then fall on Moab"). MAURER, as English Version, "with the
Ammonites," that is, Moab, "together with the land of Ammon," is
to be thrown "open to the men of the east," to enter and take
possession
(Jer 49:1-39).
12. taking vengeance--literally, "revenging with revengement," that
is, the most unrelenting vengeance. It was not simple hatred, but
deep-brooding, implacable revenge. The grudge of Edom or Esau was
originally for Jacob's robbing him of Isaac's blessing
(Ge 25:23; 27:27-41).
This purpose of revenge yielded to the extraordinary kindness of Jacob,
through the blessing of Him with whom Jacob wrestled in prayer; but it
was revived as an hereditary grudge in the posterity of Esau when they
saw the younger branch rising to the pre-eminence which they thought of
right belonged to themselves. More recently, for David's subjugation of
Edom to Israel
(2Sa 8:14).
They therefore gave vent to their spite by joining the Chaldeans in
destroying Jerusalem
(Ps 137:7;
La 4:22;
Ob 10-14),
and then intercepting and killing the fugitive Jews
(Am 1:11)
and occupying part of the Jewish land as far as Hebron.
13. Teman . . . they of Dedan--rather, "I will make it
desolate from Teman (in the south) even to Dedan (in the
northwest)" [GROTIUS],
(Jer 49:8),
that is, the whole country from north to south, stretching from the
south of the Dead Sea to the Elanitic gulf of the Red Sea.
14. by . . . my people Israel--namely, by Judas
Maccabeus. The Idumeans were finally, by compulsory circumcision,
incorporated with the Jewish state by John Hyrcanus (see
Isa 34:5; 63:1,
&c.; 1 Maccabees 5:3). So complete was the amalgamation in Christ's
time, that the Herods of Idumean origin, as Jews, ruled over the two
races as one people. Thus the ancient prophecy was fulfilled
(Ge 25:23),
"The elder shall serve the younger."
15.
(1Sa 13:1-14:52;
2Ch 28:18).
The "old hatred" refers to their continual enmity to the
covenant-people. They lay along Judea on the seacoast at the opposite
side from Ammon and Moab. They were overthrown by Uzziah
(2Ch 26:6),
and by Hezekiah
(2Ki 18:8).
Nebuchadnezzar overran the cities on the seacoast on his way to Egypt
after besieging Tyre
(Jer 47:1-7).
God will take vengeance on those who take the avenging of themselves
out of His hands into their own
(Ro 12:19-21;
Jas 2:13).
16. cut off the Cherethims--There is a play on similar sounds in the
Hebrew, hichratti cherethim, "I will slay the slayers." The name may
have been given to a section of the Philistines from their warlike
disposition
(1Sa 30:14; 31:3).
They excelled in archery, whence David enrolled a bodyguard from them
(2Sa 8:18; 15:18; 20:7).
They sprang from Caphtor, identified by many with Crete, which was
famed for archery, and to which the name Cherethim seems akin.
Though in emigration, which mostly tended westwards, Crete seems more
likely to be colonized from Philistia than Philistia from Crete, a
section of Cretans may have settled at Cherethim in South
Philistia, while the Philistines, as a nation, may have come
originally from the east (compare
De 2:23;
Jer 47:4;
Am 9:7;
Zep 2:5).
In
Ge 10:14
the Philistines are made distinct from the Caphtorim, and are
said to come from the Casluhim; so that the Cherethim were but a
part of the Philistines, which
1Sa 30:14
confirms.
remnant of--that is, "on the seacoast" of the Mediterranean: those
left remaining after the former overthrows inflicted by Samuel,
David, Hezekiah, and Psammetichus of Egypt, father of Pharaoh-necho
(Jer 25:20).
17. know . . . vengeance--They shall know Me, not in mercy, but by My
vengeance on them
(Ps 9:16).
Ezekiel 25 Bible Commentary
Jamieson, Faussett, and Brown
Eze 25:1-17. APPROPRIATELY IN THE INTERVAL OF SILENCE AS TO THE JEWS IN THE EIGHT CHAPTERS, (TWENTY-FIFTH THROUGH THIRTY-SECOND) EZEKIEL DENOUNCES JUDGMENTS ON THE HEATHEN WORLD KINGDOMS.
If Israel was not spared, much less the heathen utterly corrupt, and having no mixture of truth, such as Israel in its worst state possessed (1Pe 4:17, 18). Their ruin was to be utter: Israel's but temporary (Jer 46:28). The nations denounced are seven, the perfect number; implying that God's judgments would visit, not merely these, but the whole round of the heathen foes of God. Babylon is excepted, because she is now for the present viewed as the rod of God's retributive justice, a view too much then lost sight of by those who fretted against her universal supremacy.
3. (Jer 49:1).
when . . . profaned; . . . when . . . desolate; . . . when . . . captivity--rather, "for . . . for . . . for": the cause of the insolent exultation of Ammon over Jerusalem. They triumphed especially over the fall of the "sanctuary," as the triumph of heathenism over the rival claims of Jehovah. In Jehoshaphat's time, when the eighty-third Psalm was written (Ps 83:4, 7, 8, 12, "Ammon . . . holpen the children of Lot," who were, therefore, the leaders of the unholy conspiracy, "Let us take to ourselves the houses of God in possession"), we see the same profane spirit. Now at last their wicked wish seems accomplished in the fall of Jerusalem. Ammon, descended from Lot, held the region east of Jordan, separated from the Amorites on the north by the river Jabbok, and from Moab on the south by the Arnon. They were auxiliaries to Babylon in the destruction of Jerusalem (2Ki 24:2).
4. men of . . . east--literally, "children of the East," the nomad tribes of Arabia-Deserta, east of the Jordan and the Dead Sea.
palaces--their nomadic encampments or folds, surrounded with mud walls, are so called in irony. Where thy "palaces" once stood, there shall their very different "palaces" stand. Fulfilled after the ravaging of their region by Nebuchadnezzar, shortly after the destruction of Jerusalem (compare Eze 21:22; Jer 49:1-28).
5. Rabbah--meaning "the Great," Ammon's metropolis. Under the Ptolemies it was rebuilt under the name Philadelphia; the ruins are called Amman now, but there is no dwelling inhabited.
Ammonites--that is, the Ammonite region is to be a "couching place for flocks," namely of the Arabs. The "camels," being the chief beast of burden of the Chaldeans, are put first, as their invasion was to prepare the Ammonite land for the Arab "flocks." Instead of busy men, there shall be "still and couching flocks."
6, 7. "Because thou hast clapped thine hands," exulting over the downfall of Jerusalem, "I also will stretch out Mine hand upon thee" (to which Eze 21:17 also may refer, "I will smite Mine hands together").
hands . . . feet . . . heart--with the whole inward feeling, and with every outward indication. Stamping with the foot means dancing for joy.
7. a spoil--so the Hebrew Margin, or Keri, for the text or Chetib, "meat" (so Eze 26:5; 34:28). Their goods were to be a "spoil to the foe"; their state was to be "cut off," so as to be no more a "people"; and they were as individuals, for the most part, to be "destroyed."
8. Moab, Seir, and Ammon were contiguous countries, stretching in one line from Gilead on the north to the Red Sea. They therefore naturally acted in concert, and in joint hostility to Judea.
Judah is like . . . all . . . heathen--The Jews fare no better than others: it is of no use to them to serve Jehovah, who, they say, is the only true God.
9, 10. open . . . from the cities--I will open up the side, or border of Moab (metaphor from a man whose side is open to blows), from the (direction of) the cities on his northwest border beyond the Arnon, once assigned to Reuben (Jos 13:15-21), but now in the hands of their original owners; and the "men of the east," the wandering Bedouin hordes, shall enter through these cities into Moab and waste it. Moab accordingly was so wasted by them, that long before the time of Christ it had melted away among the hordes of the desert. For "cities," GROTIUS translates the Hebrew as proper names, the Ar and Aroer, on the Arnon. Hence the Hebrew for "cities," "Ar" is repeated twice (Nu 21:28; De 2:36; Isa 15:1).
glory of the country--The region of Moab was richer than that of Ammon; it answers to the modern Belka, the richest district in South Syria, and the scene in consequence of many a contest among the Bedouins. Hence it is called here a "glorious land" (literally, "a glory," or "ornament of a land") [FAIRBAIRN]. Rather, "the glory of the country" is in apposition with "cities" which immediately precedes, and the names of which presently follow.
Beth-jeshimoth--meaning "the city of desolations"; perhaps so named from some siege it sustained; it was towards the west.
Baal-meon--called also "Beth-meon" (Jer 48:23), and "Beth-baal-meon" (Jos 13:17, called so from the worship of Baal), and "Bajith," simply (Isa 15:2).
Kiriathaim--"the double city." The strength of these cities engendered "the pride" of Moab (Isa 16:6).
10. with the Ammonites--FAIRBAIRN explains and translates, "upon the children of Ammon" (elliptically for, "I will open Moab to the men of the east, who, having overrun the children of Ammon, shall then fall on Moab"). MAURER, as English Version, "with the Ammonites," that is, Moab, "together with the land of Ammon," is to be thrown "open to the men of the east," to enter and take possession (Jer 49:1-39).
12. taking vengeance--literally, "revenging with revengement," that is, the most unrelenting vengeance. It was not simple hatred, but deep-brooding, implacable revenge. The grudge of Edom or Esau was originally for Jacob's robbing him of Isaac's blessing (Ge 25:23; 27:27-41). This purpose of revenge yielded to the extraordinary kindness of Jacob, through the blessing of Him with whom Jacob wrestled in prayer; but it was revived as an hereditary grudge in the posterity of Esau when they saw the younger branch rising to the pre-eminence which they thought of right belonged to themselves. More recently, for David's subjugation of Edom to Israel (2Sa 8:14). They therefore gave vent to their spite by joining the Chaldeans in destroying Jerusalem (Ps 137:7; La 4:22; Ob 10-14), and then intercepting and killing the fugitive Jews (Am 1:11) and occupying part of the Jewish land as far as Hebron.
13. Teman . . . they of Dedan--rather, "I will make it desolate from Teman (in the south) even to Dedan (in the northwest)" [GROTIUS], (Jer 49:8), that is, the whole country from north to south, stretching from the south of the Dead Sea to the Elanitic gulf of the Red Sea.
14. by . . . my people Israel--namely, by Judas Maccabeus. The Idumeans were finally, by compulsory circumcision, incorporated with the Jewish state by John Hyrcanus (see Isa 34:5; 63:1, &c.; 1 Maccabees 5:3). So complete was the amalgamation in Christ's time, that the Herods of Idumean origin, as Jews, ruled over the two races as one people. Thus the ancient prophecy was fulfilled (Ge 25:23), "The elder shall serve the younger."
15. (1Sa 13:1-14:52; 2Ch 28:18). The "old hatred" refers to their continual enmity to the covenant-people. They lay along Judea on the seacoast at the opposite side from Ammon and Moab. They were overthrown by Uzziah (2Ch 26:6), and by Hezekiah (2Ki 18:8). Nebuchadnezzar overran the cities on the seacoast on his way to Egypt after besieging Tyre (Jer 47:1-7). God will take vengeance on those who take the avenging of themselves out of His hands into their own (Ro 12:19-21; Jas 2:13).
16. cut off the Cherethims--There is a play on similar sounds in the Hebrew, hichratti cherethim, "I will slay the slayers." The name may have been given to a section of the Philistines from their warlike disposition (1Sa 30:14; 31:3). They excelled in archery, whence David enrolled a bodyguard from them (2Sa 8:18; 15:18; 20:7). They sprang from Caphtor, identified by many with Crete, which was famed for archery, and to which the name Cherethim seems akin. Though in emigration, which mostly tended westwards, Crete seems more likely to be colonized from Philistia than Philistia from Crete, a section of Cretans may have settled at Cherethim in South Philistia, while the Philistines, as a nation, may have come originally from the east (compare De 2:23; Jer 47:4; Am 9:7; Zep 2:5). In Ge 10:14 the Philistines are made distinct from the Caphtorim, and are said to come from the Casluhim; so that the Cherethim were but a part of the Philistines, which 1Sa 30:14 confirms.
remnant of--that is, "on the seacoast" of the Mediterranean: those left remaining after the former overthrows inflicted by Samuel, David, Hezekiah, and Psammetichus of Egypt, father of Pharaoh-necho (Jer 25:20).
17. know . . . vengeance--They shall know Me, not in mercy, but by My vengeance on them (Ps 9:16).