1Sa 8:1-18.
OCCASIONED BY THE
ILL-GOVERNMENT OF
SAMUEL'S
SONS, THE
ISRAELITES
ASK A
KING.
1-5. when Samuel was old--He was now about fifty-four years of age,
having discharged the office of sole judge for twelve years. Unable,
from growing infirmities, to prosecute his circuit journeys through the
country, he at length confined his magisterial duties to Ramah and its
neighborhood
(1Sa 7:15),
delegating to his sons as his deputies the administration of justice in
the southern districts of Palestine, their provincial court being held
at Beer-sheba. The young men, however, did not inherit the high
qualities of their father. Having corrupted the fountains of justice
for their own private aggrandizement, a deputation of the leading men
in the country lodged a complaint against them in headquarters,
accompanied with a formal demand for a change in the government. The
limited and occasional authority of the judges, the disunion and
jealousy of the tribes under the administration of those rulers, had
been creating a desire for a united and permanent form of government;
while the advanced age of Samuel, together with the risk of his death
happening in the then unsettled state of the people, was the occasion
of calling forth an expression of this desire now.
6-10. the thing displeased Samuel when they said, Give us a king to
judge us--Personal and family feelings might affect his views of
this public movement. But his dissatisfaction arose principally from
the proposed change being revolutionary in its character. Though it
would not entirely subvert their theocratic government, the appointment
of a visible monarch would necessarily tend to throw out of view their
unseen King and Head. God intimated, through Samuel, that their request
would, in anger, be granted, while at the same time he apprised them of
some of the evils that would result from their choice.
11. This will be the manner of the king--The following is a very just
and graphic picture of the despotic governments which anciently and
still are found in the East, and into conformity with which the Hebrew
monarchy, notwithstanding the restrictions prescribed by the law,
gradually slid.
He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself--Oriental
sovereigns claim a right to the services of any of their subjects at
pleasure.
some shall run before his chariots--The royal equipages were, generally
throughout the East (as in Persia they still are), preceded and
accompanied by a number of attendants who ran on foot.
12. he will appoint him captains--In the East, a person must accept any
office to which he may be nominated by the king, however irksome it may
be to his taste or ruinous to his interests.
13. he will take your daughters to be confectionaries--Cookery, baking,
and the kindred works are, in Eastern countries, female employment, and
thousands of young women are occupied with these offices in the palaces
even of petty princes.
14-18. he will take your fields, &c.--The circumstances mentioned
here might be illustrated by exact analogies in the conduct of many
Oriental monarchs in the present day.
19-22. Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of
Samuel--They sneered at Samuel's description as a bugbear to frighten
them. Determined, at all hazards, to gain their object, they insisted
on being made like all the other nations, though it was their glory and
happiness to be unlike other nations in having the Lord for their King
and Lawgiver
(Nu 23:9;
De 33:28).
Their demand was conceded, for the government of a king had been
provided for in the law; and they were dismissed to wait the
appointment, which God had reserved to Himself
(De 17:14-20).
1 Samuel 8 Bible Commentary
Jamieson, Faussett, and Brown
1Sa 8:1-18. OCCASIONED BY THE ILL-GOVERNMENT OF SAMUEL'S SONS, THE ISRAELITES ASK A KING.
1-5. when Samuel was old--He was now about fifty-four years of age, having discharged the office of sole judge for twelve years. Unable, from growing infirmities, to prosecute his circuit journeys through the country, he at length confined his magisterial duties to Ramah and its neighborhood (1Sa 7:15), delegating to his sons as his deputies the administration of justice in the southern districts of Palestine, their provincial court being held at Beer-sheba. The young men, however, did not inherit the high qualities of their father. Having corrupted the fountains of justice for their own private aggrandizement, a deputation of the leading men in the country lodged a complaint against them in headquarters, accompanied with a formal demand for a change in the government. The limited and occasional authority of the judges, the disunion and jealousy of the tribes under the administration of those rulers, had been creating a desire for a united and permanent form of government; while the advanced age of Samuel, together with the risk of his death happening in the then unsettled state of the people, was the occasion of calling forth an expression of this desire now.
6-10. the thing displeased Samuel when they said, Give us a king to judge us--Personal and family feelings might affect his views of this public movement. But his dissatisfaction arose principally from the proposed change being revolutionary in its character. Though it would not entirely subvert their theocratic government, the appointment of a visible monarch would necessarily tend to throw out of view their unseen King and Head. God intimated, through Samuel, that their request would, in anger, be granted, while at the same time he apprised them of some of the evils that would result from their choice.
11. This will be the manner of the king--The following is a very just and graphic picture of the despotic governments which anciently and still are found in the East, and into conformity with which the Hebrew monarchy, notwithstanding the restrictions prescribed by the law, gradually slid.
He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself--Oriental sovereigns claim a right to the services of any of their subjects at pleasure.
some shall run before his chariots--The royal equipages were, generally throughout the East (as in Persia they still are), preceded and accompanied by a number of attendants who ran on foot.
12. he will appoint him captains--In the East, a person must accept any office to which he may be nominated by the king, however irksome it may be to his taste or ruinous to his interests.
13. he will take your daughters to be confectionaries--Cookery, baking, and the kindred works are, in Eastern countries, female employment, and thousands of young women are occupied with these offices in the palaces even of petty princes.
14-18. he will take your fields, &c.--The circumstances mentioned here might be illustrated by exact analogies in the conduct of many Oriental monarchs in the present day.
19-22. Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel--They sneered at Samuel's description as a bugbear to frighten them. Determined, at all hazards, to gain their object, they insisted on being made like all the other nations, though it was their glory and happiness to be unlike other nations in having the Lord for their King and Lawgiver (Nu 23:9; De 33:28). Their demand was conceded, for the government of a king had been provided for in the law; and they were dismissed to wait the appointment, which God had reserved to Himself (De 17:14-20).